TL;DR — Urutonde rw'inyandiko z'umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu buryo burambuye
Inyandiko enye Gasutamo y'Abadage izasaba ibikoresho byo gushyushya ifuru:(1) Itangazo ryemewe rya EU ry’Ubuhuzabikorwa ryerekeza kuri EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 na LVD 2014/35/EU, ryashyizweho umukono n’uhagarariye uruganda wemewe; (2) dosiye ya tekiniki igaragaza ikimenyetso cya CE irimo raporo z’ibizamini by’imbaraga za dielectric zigaragaza ≥2.000V/min zihangana n’amashanyarazi n’ubudahangarwa bw’ubushyuhe ≥200MΩ; (3) Raporo z’ibizamini bya RoHS 3 zikubiyemo ibintu icumi byose bibujijwe ku rwego rw’ibikoresho bimwe —kuko inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko ry’Ubudage zakoze igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa birenga 12.000 mu 2024 gusa, aho igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi bitakurikije amategeko kirenga 18%(4) icyemezo cy'ikimenyetso cya GS gitangwa n'ikigo cyemewe na DGUV nka TÜV Rheinland cyangwa VDE niba ushaka ko ibikoresho byawe bishyushya bihangana n'abatanga ibikoresho by'ubudage basanzwe bafite iki kimenyetso ku bushake.
Mu myaka umunani ishize, nohereje amakontenari 47 y'ibikoresho bishyushya byihariye ku bigo bitanga ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ubucuruzi byo mu Burayi., kandi ndakubwira uko byakugendekeye: ikintu gikunze kwangwa ku byambu by'Ubudage si ikizamini cya dielectric cyananiwe - ni inyandiko ituzuye cyangwa zidatunganijwe neza zinyuranyije n'umurongo w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi "witezweho ko ari ngombwa". Ikintu gishyushya gitsinda buri kizamini cy'amashanyarazi. Impapuro zirananirwa. Kontineri iba i Hamburg mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu ikusanya amafaranga yo kwishyura. Iyi nkuru ikwereka urutonde rw'inyandiko nkoresha naibicuruzwa byacuigihe cyose umucuruzi w’ibikoni by’ubucuruzi w’Umudage atanze komande nshya.
Impamvu abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by'ubucuruzi mu Budage bakeneye ingamba zihariye zo gushyushya ibikoresho
Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni by’ubucuruzi byo mu Budage bikora hakurikijwe urwego rudasanzwe rw’amategeko agenga ibintu bitandukanye, rurenze cyane ibisabwa n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - kandi ndabivuga nk’umuntu umaze imyaka myinshi akurikiza uru rwego.Nubwo ikimenyetso cya CE gishingiye ku Mabwiriza y’Umuvuduko Muke 2014/35/EU gitanga itike yo kwinjira mu isoko ry’i Burayi ryemewe n’amategeko, abaguzi b’Abadage - cyane cyane abakorera mu rwego rwa HORECA (Hotel/Restaurant/Café) - bahora basaba inyandiko z’inyongera zigaragaza umuco w’igihugu cy’Ubudage wo kubungabunga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa. Nagiye mu nama zo gutanga amasoko i Stuttgart aho ikiganiro cyavuye ku bipimo by’ibicuruzwa kijya ku miterere y’inyandiko mu minota icumi ya mbere, kandi ndakubwira nti: mu Budage, inyandiko zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko si igitekerezo cy’inyongera - ni ibicuruzwa.
Ibi nabimenye ubwanjye mu 2019 ubwo umucuruzi w’ibikoresho bya resitora i Hamburg yanze kohereza ibikoresho byacu byo gushyushya ifuru bifite ishusho ya U — atari ukubera ko byatsinzwe ikizamini icyo ari cyo cyose, ahubwokuko Itangazo ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko ryashingiye kuri EN 60335-2-9:2010 aho kuba icyari gisanzweho icyo gihe, kandi agaciro k’ubudahangarwa bw’ubushyuhe kari kuri 500V DC ubwo protocole y’igerageza rya DGUV ry’umuguzi yasabaga ibisabwa mu gupima 1,000V DC.Ibintu bishyushya byari bisa mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi. Impapuro ntabwo zari zimeze neza. Iryo ryari isomo ry'amayero 4,700 mu bijyanye no gukoresha neza inyandiko z'Abadage.
Isoko ry’Ubudage ryongeraho ibice bitatu hejuru y’amategeko y’ibanze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi: Itegeko ry’Umutekano w’Ibicuruzwa (Ibyuma bishyacyangwa ProdSG), ibyo bikaba byarakozwe kuva muIkizamini cya DGUVibisabwa bitegeka ko buri gicuruzwa cy’umuguzi kiba gifite umwirondoro w’uruganda n’amakuru yo guhamagara; ikimenyetso cya GS (Geprüfte Sicherheit), icyemezo cy’ubushake ariko gishingiye ku bucuruzi gisaba igenzura ry’uruganda rw’abandi n’ikigo cyemewe na DGUV; hamwe n’ibisabwa n’ubwishingizi bw’ikigo gishinzwe igikoni cy’ubucuruzi, akenshi bivuga ko ibikoresho bishyushya bigomba kuba bifite icyemezo cya VDE cyangwa TÜV nk’igipimo cy’ubwishingizi bw’inshingano.Kubera ko politiki y’ubwishingizi bw’inshingano z’Abadage ku bikoni by’ubucuruzi isaba ko ibice byose by’amashanyarazi biba bifite nibura ikimenyetso cya GS gitangwa n’ikigo cyemewe gipima, gusimbuka iki cyemezo ku bushake bivuze ko ibikoresho byawe bishyushya bidashobora gushyirwa mu bikoni by’ubucuruzi bifite ubwishingizi.
Amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi ku bijyanye n'amashanyarazi make (2014/35/EU): Inyandiko y'Umuryango wawe
LVD si amahitamo — ni itegeko rigenga gushyira ikimenyetso cya CE ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose gishyushya gikoresha hagati ya 50V na 1.000V AC, kandi iyi ni yo nyandiko y’amategeko itubahirijwe mu buryo butari bwo mu bahanga ibikoresho bishyushya bo mu Bushinwa.Ku bikoresho byo gushyushya ifuru, bikunze gukora kuri 220-240V mu miterere y'i Burayi, LVD irakora nta mbogamizi. Ku giti cyanjye nakosoye dosiye za tekiniki za LVD zo mu nganda enye zitandukanye zo mu Bushinwa zibeshya ko ikimenyetso cyazo cya CE cyashyizemo LVD mu gihe cyashyizemo gusa EMC - ubwumvikane buke nabonye bwatwaye abatumiza mu mahanga 12.000€ cyangwa arenga mu bikorwa byo gukosora.
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu mutekano bisobanurwa mu Mugereka wa I waAmabwiriza 2014/35/EUkandi bikubiyemo ibintu bitatu: kurinda amashanyarazi (Ingingo ya 2), kurinda ingaruka z'ubushyuhe (Ingingo ya 3), no kurinda ingaruka z'inyuma (Ingingo ya 4).Mu gihe cyo kugenzura isoko ry’Ubudage, igisabwa cyane ni Ingingo ya 2 (b): uburinzi buhagije ku byago biturutse ku gukorana n’amashanyarazi mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye.
Buri gihe nsaba abaguzi b'Abadage kugenzura ibintu bitatu ku nyandiko zubahiriza amategeko ya LVD: (1) dosiye ya tekiniki igomba kwerekana igitabo gisanzwe — “EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023,” ntabwo ari “EN 60335-2-9″ gusa — kukoIbitabo bisanzwe bya gasutamo by’Abadage byapimwe n’ikinyamakuru cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi cy’amahame ahujwe(2) Itangazo ry’Uburyo rigomba gusinywa n’uhagarariye EU witwa ko ari we ufite aderesi isanzwe, atari iyo mu ruganda gusa; (3) inyandiko za tekiniki zigomba kuba zirimo ibikoresho bishyushyaurwego rw'amashanyarazi rufite ireme, ingufu zinjira, n'icyiciro cyo gukingirahamwe n'ibipimo by'ibipimo byavuzwe mu buryo bweruye.
EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 — Amabwiriza agenga umutekano wihariye mu ifuru yo gukaranga
Iyi ngingo ihuriweho niyo nyandiko y’ingenzi cyane mu bya tekiniki igenga umutekano w’ibikoresho byo gushyushya ifuru mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi nshyira kopi yacapwe y’igitabo cya 2023 ku meza yanjye kuko ndayikoresha nibura kabiri mu cyumweru. EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023Ikubiyemo ibisabwa byihariye ku byuma byo guteka, imigati yo guteka, n'ibindi bikoresho bisa nabyo byo guteka, kandi edition yo mu 2023 yazanye impinduka nyinshi zo kugerageza nagombaga gushyira mu mabwiriza yacu yo kugerageza umusaruro mu mwaka ushize.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bisaba ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zipimwa kuri 3.000V kugira ngo hakorwe ubushyuhe buhagije kandi bitegeka ko ibikoresho bishyushya amatanura bigomba gushyirwa hejuru y'igice gishyushye gusa.Mu rwego rwo gucunga ibicuruzwa byanjye, ibisabwa by'ingenzi cyane muri EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 ku gikoresho gishyushya ifuru ni: Ingingo ya 13 — ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka n'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi ku bushyuhe bw'imikorere, isaba ko ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka zitarenga 0.75mA ku bikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya mbere bifite ingufu zirenga 0.75kW; Ingingo ya 16 — ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisohoka n'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi nyuma yo gusukura ubushuhe (amasaha 48 ku bushuhe bwa 93%); na Ingingo ya 19 — ibizamini by'imikorere idasanzwe, birimo gufunga igikoresho gishyushya mu mwanya w'ubushyuhe kugira ngo harebwe ko nta muriro, icyuma gishongeshejwe, cyangwa umwuka w'uburozi bisohoka.
Kubera ko igitabo cyo mu 2023 cyashyizeho imipaka mishya y’ubushyuhe ku buso bwo hanze bushobora kugerwaho - kivuga ko ubuso buri muri mm 25 uvuye ku mwenge w’umwuka butagomba kurenza agaciro ka Imbonerahamwe ya 102 hiyongereyeho 40K - abatanga ibikoresho byo gushyushya bagomba gutanga amakuru y’ubushyuhe agaragaza uko ubushyuhe bw’ubuso bukwirakwira mu gihe ntarengwa.Nashyize iki gisabwa muri gahunda yacu isanzwe yo gusuzuma ibizamini kuriJingwei: buri gice cy’ibikoresho bishyushya ifuru ubu cyoherezwa hamwe na matrix ya EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 y’ikizamini cyo kubahiriza amategeko gikubiyemo ingingo icumi z’ikizamini cy’itegeko. Iyo umugenzuzi wa TÜV w’umuguzi wawe wo mu Budage agusabye raporo y’ikizamini cy’ubushuhe bw’ingingo ya 16, uyikora mu masegonda ari munsi ya 60.
Kugaragaza CE n'Itangazo ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi: Icyo umucuruzi wawe wo mu Bushinwa agomba gutanga
Ikimenyetso cya CE kiri ku gikoresho gishyushya ifuru ni itangazo ryemewe n'amategeko ryakozwe n'uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa ko byujuje amabwiriza yose y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, kandi nasinye amasezerano ahagije yo kubahiriza amategeko kugira ngo menye ko buri jambo riri kuri iyo nyandiko rifite uburemere bwemewe n'amategeko.Amabwiriza akurikizwa ni LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (ku bikoresho bishyushya bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ikoranabuhanga), na RoHS 3 Directive 2011/65/EU nk'uko yavuguruwe na (EU) 2024/1416.
Nasanze abaguzi b'ibikoni by'ubucuruzi mu Budage bakomeye cyane kurusha abaguzi bo mu yandi masoko y'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi iyo bagenzura inyandiko za CE. Nubwo umucuruzi w'Umufaransa ashobora kwemera PDF ya DoC yasuzumwe,Abaguzi b'Abadage bakunze gusaba: dosiye yuzuye y'ubwubatsi bwa tekiniki irimo imbonerahamwe y'uruziga n'inyandiko y'ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo gukurikirana ababitanga; imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'umusaruro igaragaza amarembo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge; na raporo z'ibizamini by'abandi bivuye muri laboratwari yemewe na ISO/IEC 17025 - kubera ko itegeko ry'uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa mu Budage (Produkthaftungsgesetz) rishyira umutwaro wo kwerekana ibimenyetso ku muntu ubitumiza, atari ku mukozi, iyo inenge y'ibicuruzwa iteye imvune.
DukurikijeUbuyobozi bwa CETECOM ku mabwiriza agenga amashanyarazi make, uwakoze ikintu agomba kandi kugenzura ko icyo gicuruzwa gifite ubwoko, itsinda, cyangwa inomero y'uruhererekane imuhesha kumenya - ikintu nabonye abacuruza ibikoresho b'Abashinwa birengagiza inshuro nyinshi zirenze izo nshobora kubara. Ku kintu gishyushya, ibi akenshi bivuze gushushanya kode y'itsinda n'ingufu za voltage/power kuri pin ikonje cyangwa flange ya terminal.Ikintu gishyushya kidafite ibimenyetso bihoraho kizemerwa muri gasutamo y'Abadage uko impapuro ziherekeje zaba zuzuye kose.
GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit): Ikimenyetso cy’umutekano w’Ubudage ku bushake ariko mu bucuruzi
Ikimenyetso cya GS ni ubushake bwa tekiniki - ariko mu rwego rwo kugura ibikoni by'ubucuruzi byo mu Budage, ni itegeko, kandi sinakohereza igikoresho gishyushya ku muguzi w'Umudage witwa HORECA nta cyo.Bitandukanye n'ikimenyetso cya CE, gishingiye ku cyemezo cy'uruganda rwiyemeza ko rukurikiza amabwiriza, ikimenyetso cya GS gisaba isuzuma ryigenga ry'uruganda no gukomeza kugenzura uruganda n'ikigo cyemewe na DGUV nka TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD, VDE, cyangwa DEKRA. Nayoboye abakiriya batatu b'Abadage ba OEM binyuze mu cyemezo cya GS kandi ndakubwira: igenzura ry'uruganda ni cyo gice kigoye cyane, ntabwo ari isuzuma ry'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa.
Kuri buriUbuyobozi bw'impamyabumenyi y'ikimenyetso cya GS cya Nemko, inzira yo kwemeza ikubiyemo: isuzuma ry’ubwoko bw’icyitegererezo gihagarariye ukurikije amahame ngenderwaho ya EN ahujwe; igenzura ry’ibanze ry’uruganda kugira ngo harebwe imicungire y’ubuziranenge bw’umusaruro; n’igenzura rya buri mwaka ry’igenzura kugira ngo hemezwe ko rikomeje kubahirizwa.Ku gikoresho cyo gushyushya ifuru yo mu gikoni, isuzuma rya GS mark rirenze EN IEC 60335-2-9 kugira ngo rishyiremo isuzuma ry’ubudahangarwa bw’imashini — ubusanzwe 5.000 by’ubushyuhe ku gipimo cya 120% by’amashanyarazi — biganisha ku myaka itatu y’ikoreshwa ry’igikoni mu bucuruzi.
Nayoboye abakiriya batatu b'Abadage ba OEM mu nzira yo kwemeza ikimenyetso cya GS hamweibikoresho byacu byo gushyushya, kandi igihe cyo kuva ku busabe kugeza ku cyemezo gisanzwe ni ibyumweru 8-12. Inyigisho y'ingenzi nsangira na buri mukiriya mushya: gutangiza porogaramu ya GS mark mbere y'uko igikorwa cya mbere gitangira, ntabwo ari nyuma, kuko icyitegererezo cy'ubwoko bw'igerageza kigomba gukurwa mu bikoresho byo mu musaruro, ntabwo ari ibikoresho by'icyitegererezo.Ikimenyetso cya GS cyatanzwe ku ngero z’icyitegererezo nticyemewe n’amategeko nk’uko ProdSG ibivuga, kandi inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko ry’Ubudage zishobora - kandi zibikora - gukuraho ibyemezo bya GS byabonetse binyuze mu gupima nabi.
Iyubahirizwa ry'ibikoresho: REACH, RoHS, n'Ibikoresho byo Guhuza Ibiryo
Ibintu bishyushya mu ziko ry’ubucuruzi rya toaster ntibihura n’amabwiriza agenga umutekano w’amashanyarazi gusa ahubwo bihura n’ibibujijwe ku binyabutabire bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku guhitamo ibikoresho - kandi namaze amasaha menshi nkurikirana inyandiko zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko ya RoHS ziva ku bacuruzi bacu b’ibikoresho fatizo kuko ariho uruhererekane rw’amategeko ruba rworoshye cyane.Amabwiriza ya RoHS 3 abuza ibintu icumi — harimo icyuma gishyushya (≤0.1% cyangwa 1.000 ppm ku rwego rw'ibikoresho bihuye), mercure, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBBs, PBDEs, na phthalates enye (DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBP) — kandi guhera mu 2026, hari ibintu byinshi bidafite icyuma gishyushya bigira uruhare mu gukora ibikoresho bishyushya biri hafi kurangira. Natangiye guhindura inzira zacu zo gushyushya ibyuma nkajya mu zindi nzira zidafite icyuma gishyushya kuko sinshaka ko abakiriya banjye bafatwa batabitekerejeho igihe icyuma gishyushya 6c kizarangira mu 2027.
Ku bakora ibikoresho bishyushya, ikintu cy'ingenzi RoHS yibandaho ni ingano y'icyuma gishyushya kiri mu cyuma gishyushya nikeli-chromium ndetse n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu guhuza ibyuma. Insinga zisanzwe zirwanya Ni80Cr20 zishobora kuba zirimo icyuma gishyushya nk'igikoresho cyo kuzitunganya, kandiKubera ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya RoHS mu Budage ku rwego rw'ibikoresho bimwe rikabije kurusha impuzandengo y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi - hamwe na zimwe mu leta z'Ubudage zikora isuzuma rya XRF aho zitumijwe - ndasaba abatanga ibikoresho byacu byose by'ibanze gutanga raporo z'ibizamini bya laboratwari byemewe na ISO 17025 ku bintu icumi byose bya RoHS 3 mbere yuko twemera itsinda ry'insinga cyangwa umuyoboro w'icyuma.
Byongeye kandi, Itegeko rya REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 rya EU risaba kwandikisha ibintu bihumanya birengeje toni 1 ku mwaka, kandi Urutonde rw'Abakandida ba SVHC ubu rurimo ibintu birenga 240. Ku bikoresho bishyushya ibikoresho - Incoloy 800, SUS304, na SUS321 - impungenge nyamukuru za REACH ni ingano ya nikeli (30-35% muri Incoloy 800), ishyirwa mu byiciro byo kuvura uruhu. Nubwo imiterere y'icyuma idatera ibyago byo kwangirika mu gihe gisanzwe, inyandiko zawe zigomba kugaragaza ko inganda zikora mu kazi zubahiriza imipaka y'ibikorwa by'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi.Mfite uburyo bwo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'ibiyobyabwenge kuri buri buryo mukatalogu y'ibicuruzwa, igereranya buri gice cya BOM ugereranije n'urutonde ruheruka rwa REACH SVHC hamwe n'ububiko bw'amakuru bwa RoHS.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga za Dielectrique: Raporo z'ibizamini Abagenzuzi b'Abadage basomye koko
Niba hari urupapuro rumwe muri dosiye yawe ya tekiniki umugenzuzi w’Umudage wa TÜV azasuzuma akoresheje ikirahure gikuza, ni raporo y’ikizamini cy’ubudahangarwa bw’amashanyarazi n’imbaraga za dielectric — ndabizi kuko nagiye mu cyumba ubwo umugenzuzi w’ibizamini bya TÜV SÜD yamaze iminota 45 ku rupapuro rumwe rw’ikizamini.Ibi bipimo bibiri ni byo bimenyetso by'ingenzi byerekana umutekano w'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gushyushya, kandi bigomba kugaragazwa hamwe n'imiterere yihariye y'ibizamini, atari ukurenga agaciro gusa. Nize iri somo mu buryo buhenze: kwangwa kw'igenzura ryo mu 2021 kwadutwaye igihe cy'ibyumweru bitandatu cyo gutinda gutanga kuko raporo yacu y'ikizamini yagaragaje agaciro k'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi idasobanuye voltage yo gupima.
Hashingiwe ku makuru nyayo y'ibizamini byakozwe naumurongo wacu wo gukora ibikoresho bishyushya bikozwe mu buryo bwa finned, dore icyo raporo y’ibizamini byemewe n’amategeko y’Abadage igomba kuba irimo:Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe: ≥200MΩ ipimwa kuri 500V DC (si 1MΩ nibura nk'uko IEC 60335-2-9 yemerera — Abaguzi b'ubucuruzi b'Abadage biteze ko igipimo cyo hejuru). Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe nyuma y'igeragezwa ry'ubushyuhe bw'amasaha 48 (93% RH, 40°C): ≥30MΩ. Umuvuduko w'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe: ≤0.1mA (ikubye inshuro icumi ugereranyije n'icyerekezo cya 0.75mA IEC). Ingufu za Dielectric: 2,000V/min zihanganira voltage nta gucika cyangwa gushya.
Namenye impamvu izi ndangagaciro zihariye ari ingenzi mu igenzura ryakozwe mu 2021 ubwo injeniyeri wa TÜV SÜD yasobanuraga ko igipimo cya 200MΩ - aho kuba 1MΩ nibura - giterwa n'ahantu ho gukorera mu gikoni cy'ubucuruzi aho umwuka, umwuka w'amavuta, n'imiti isukura bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe kurusha uko ibikoni byo mu rugo bimeze.Kubera ko ifuru yo gukaranga muri hoteli ya Berlin ishobora kuzenguruka inshuro 200-300 ku munsi ahantu hari ubushuhe bwinshi, sisitemu yo gukaranga irangirika inshuro 3-4 kurusha iyo mu ngo - niyo mpamvu abaguzi b'ubucuruzi b'Abadage basaba agaciro ko kwirinda gukaranga ifuru inshuro 200 kuruta nibura IEC.
Urutonde rwuzuye rw'inyandiko zigaragaza uburenganzira bwo kwishyura imisoro ku misoro yo mu Budage
Dore ipaki nyayo y'inyandiko nkusanya kuri buri kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Budage.
Inyandiko zisabwa (udafite izi, ibyo watumije ntibizatanga uburenganzira kuri gasutamo y'Abadage):
1. Inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi— igomba kuba irimo kode ya HS 8516.80 (ibirwanya ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi), igihugu cy'inkomoko (CN), uburemere bw'ibiro n'uburemere rusange, hamwe n'imenyekanisha ry'agaciro kuri buri gikoresho hamwe n'ifaranga (EUR). Kode ya HS 8516.80 ni ingenzi cyane: gushyira mu byiciro ibintu bishyushya munsi ya 8516.90 (ibice) bitera indi misoro kandi bishobora gutinza iminsi 5-10 y'akazi.
2. Urutonde rw'ibipaki— igomba guhuza neza n'inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi ku kintu runaka, harimo ingano y'ikatoni, inomero z'ikatoni, n'uburemere rusange bw'ikatoni ku giti cyayo kugeza kuri ± 50g.
3. Inyemezabwishyu y'imodoka cyangwa iy'indege— ku bicuruzwa byo mu mazi bijya i Hamburg cyangwa Bremerhaven, menya neza ko aho umucuruzi atuye hahuye neza n'izina ry'iyandikwa rya nimero ya EORI.
4. Itangazo ry'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi ryo Gukurikiza Amategeko— yashyizweho umukono, ifite itariki, igaragaza EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 n'amabwiriza 2014/35/EU, hamwe n'aderesi y'aho uhagarariye EU wemewe (atari ibiro byo kuri interineti).
5. Impamyabumenyi cyangwa Raporo y'Ikizamini cya CE— bivuye muri laboratwari yemewe na ISO/IEC 17025, ikurikirana iyubahirizwa rya LVD, EMC, na RoHS.
6. Raporo y'ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe n'imbaraga za Dielectric— kuri buri cyiciro, ntabwo ari kuri buri gishushanyo, hamwe n'imiterere y'ibipimo yagaragajwe neza (voltage, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, igihe cy'igeragezwa).
Inyandiko z'ingenzi mu bucuruzi (ni ngombwa mu buryo bwa tekiniki, ariko mu by'ukuri zisabwa n'abaguzi b'Abadage):
7. Icyemezo cya GS Mark— bivuye mu kigo cyemewe n'amategeko gishinzwe ibizamini bya DGUV, aho inomero y'icyemezo n'itariki ntarengwa yo kugenzura igenzura bigaragara neza.
8. EN IEC 60335-2-9 Isuzuma ryuzuye ry’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko— ikubiyemo ingingo zose icumi z’ibizamini by’ingenzi hamwe n’ibisubizo byatsinze/byatsinzwe n’amakuru yo gupima, atari incamake gusa.
9. Urupapuro rw'amakuru yerekeye umutekano w'ibikoresho (MSDS)— ku cyuma gikingira insinga, imvange ya MgO, n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni (Incoloy 800 cyangwa SUS304), byujuje amabwiriza ya EU (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex II format.
10.Raporo y'Iyubahirizwa rya RoHS 3— kuri buri gikoresho kimwe, gikubiyemo ibintu icumi byose bibujijwe, bivuye muri laboratwari yemewe na ISO 17025.
11.Icyemezo cya ISO 9001 cy'uruganda— igenzura rigezweho kandi riri mu bugenzuzi, aho igenzura rikubiyemo "igishushanyo mbonera n'ikorwa ry'ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi."
12.Raporo y'ishusho y'ubushyuhe— igaragaza ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bukwirakwira ku mutwaro ntarengwa, aho agaciro k'ubushyuhe ku gice cyo gupima katarenze mm 50 hagati yabyo, nk'uko bisabwa n'igitabo cya EN IEC 60335-2-9 cyo mu 2023 kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ubuso.
Sinshobora gukabya ibi: ibicuruzwa 47 byoherejwe, 47 byatsindiye kwemererwa, nta kiguzi cyo kwishyurwa— kandi ipaki y'inyandiko iri hejuru ni yo mpamvu.
Uburyo Jingwei Heat Ishyigikira Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga ibicuruzwa by'Ubudage
Nyuma y'imyaka umunani yo koherezaibikoresho byo gushyushya byihariyeKu bigo by’ubucuruzi by’i Burayi, nakoze uburyo bwo gushyigikira amategeko bukuraho icyuho cy’inyandiko gitera kwangwa kwa port.Iyo utanze commande y'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ifuru bigenewe isoko ry'Ubudage, dore uko bigenda ku ruhande rwacu mbere yuko kontineri iva mu ruganda rwacu rwa Shengzhou:
Ubwa mbere, dukora ipaki yo kubahiriza amategeko mbere yo kohereza ikubiyemo inyandiko cumi n'ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru - atari imbonerahamwe zidafite aho zibogamiye, ahubwo yuzuyemo amakuru yihariye y'igerageza ry'ibikoresho byawe bishyushya. Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe, imbaraga za dielectric, n'agaciro k'umuvuduko w'amazi muri iyo paki bituruka ku ipaki nyayo y'umusaruro, byageragejwe ku ipaki yacu yo gupima umutekano w'amashanyarazi ikorerwa mu rugo ikurikije amahame ya IEC 17025 yo gukurikirana.
Icya kabiri, niba umuguzi wawe w’Umudage akeneye icyemezo cya GS, nkorana na injeniyeri w’icyitegererezo cya TÜV cyangwa VDE kugira ngo ndebe ko ubwoko bw’icyitegererezo cy’ubwoko bw’ibizamini byapimwe mu bikoresho by’umusaruro - atari ibikoresho by’icyitegererezo - kandi ko uruganda rwacu rwiteguye igenzura rya mbere mbere yuko umugenzuzi ahagera.Kubera ko nanyuze muri iki gikorwa n’ibigo bitatu bitandukanye byemewe na DGUV, nzi neza raporo z’ibizamini bashyira imbere n’imiterere y’inyandiko bemera nta busabe bwo kuvugurura.
Icya gatatu, buri kintu cyose gishyushya kiri mu byoherezwa byawe cyanditsweho kode ihoraho, volteji, amashanyarazi, n'ikimenyetso cya CE - ntabwo cyashyizweho kashe cyangwa ngo giterekeho ikimenyetso - kuko abagenzuzi ba gasutamo bo mu Budage bazanga ibice aho ibimenyetso by'amategeko bishobora gukurwaho nta cyangiritse kigaragara. Iki cyemezo gituruka mu ngingo ya 17 y'amabwiriza (EC) No 765/2008, asaba ko ikimenyetso cya CE "gishyirwa ku buryo bugaragara, busomeka neza, kandi budasibangana."
Ku giti cyanjye nanyuze mu kigo cy’ibizamini cya TÜV SÜD i Munich, nicaye mu nama z’impamyabumenyi za VDE i Frankfurt, kandi nahanye n’abahuza ba gasutamo ba Hamburg saa cyenda za mu gitondo ku isaha ya Beijing ku bijyanye n’ivuguruzanya mu nyandiko.Mu kwinjiza ibikoresho bishyushya mu Budage, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo impapuro zikoreshwa neza ni kimwe. Niba ukeneye ubufasha — mu gikoresho cya mbere cyangwa mu gice cya mirongo itanu —kwegeraTuzi neza aho imitego iri.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ese ibikoresho bishyushya ifuru biva mu Bushinwa bisaba icyemezo cya VDE kugira ngo winjire mu Budage?
Oya, icyemezo cya VDE si itegeko rigenga kwinjiza ibikoresho bishyushya mu Budage. Icyemezo cyemewe n'amategeko ni ikimenyetso cya CE gishingiye kuri LVD 2014/35/EU, gishyigikiwe n'Itangazo ryemewe ry'Ubuziranenge. Ariko, ikimenyetso cya GS - gishobora gutangwa na VDE, TÜV, cyangwa DEKRA - ni cyo gifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi kuko politiki nyinshi z'ubwishingizi bw'ibikoni by'ubucuruzi byo mu Budage n'amasezerano yo gutanga amasoko abisaba ku buryo bweruye. Udafite ikimenyetso cya GS, ibikoresho byawe bishyushya bizaba bishobora kwinjizwa mu gihugu byemewe n'amategeko ariko ntibigurishwe ku isoko ry'ikigo cya HORECA.
Ni iyihe mpamvu ikunze gutuma ibicuruzwa bishyushya bifatirwa muri gasutamo y'Abadage?
Mu bunararibonye bwanjye mu bicuruzwa 47 byoherejwe mu Burayi, impamvu ikunze kwangwa ni Itangazo ry’Uburyo rituzuye cyangwa ritateguwe neza - cyane cyane, inyandiko zisanzwe zihujwe cyangwa zitajyanye n’igihe, aderesi yemewe n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi idafite, cyangwa itangazo ritashyizweho umukono. Iya kabiri ikunze kugaragara ni ikimenyetso cy’ibicuruzwa kitujuje ibisabwa "bidasibangana" nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko (EC) No 765/2008 - ibimenyetso byanditseho kashe bishobora guhanagurwa n’isabune y’ibinyabutabire bizatera igenzura rya gasutamo kuko ikimenyetso cya CE kigomba kugumana imiti isukura iteganijwe ikoreshwa mu bikoni by’ubucuruzi.
Icyemezo cya GS kimara igihe kingana iki ku kintu gishyushya?
Uburyo bwose bwo kwemeza GS - harimo isuzuma ry’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho, igenzura ry’uruganda, no gutanga icyemezo - busanzwe bifata ibyumweru 8-12 uhereye igihe ubusabe bwatanzwe. Igihe gishobora guhindurwa kikagera ku byumweru 6 iyo laboratwari y’ibizamini ifite ubumenyi busanzwe ku giciro cy’ibikoresho bishyushya kandi uruganda rufite icyemezo cya ISO 9001 gisanzweho gifite urwego rw’igenzura rukubiyemo gukora ibikoresho bishyushya. Igenzura ry’igenzura rya buri mwaka rifata iminsi 2-3 aho rikorerwa.
Ni iyihe kode ya HS nkwiye gukoresha ku bikoresho byo gushyushya ifuru ya toaster?
Kode ya HS 8516.80 — “Ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi” — ni byo bishyirwa mu byiciro bikwiye ku bikoresho bishyushya ifuru. Ntugakoreshe 8516.90 (ibice by'ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi), kuko ibi bitera indi misoro muri sisitemu ya TARIC ya EU kandi bishobora gutuma habaho gusaba kongera gushyira mu byiciro ibitinda kwemererwa. Igipimo cy'umusoro kiri muri HS 8516.80 ku bicuruzwa byinjizwa mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi bivuye mu Bushinwa ubusanzwe ni 2.7%, ariko ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibicuruzwa byihariye. Buri gihe yemeza igipimo cy'umusoro kiri muri TARIC n'umuhuza wawe wa gasutamo wo mu Budage mbere yo kohereza.
Ese igitabo cya EN IEC 60335-2-9 cyo mu 2023 gisaba isuzuma rivuguruye ku miterere y'ibikoresho bishyushya bisanzwe?
Yego — icyiciro cyo mu 2023 cyashyizeho imipaka mishya y’ubushyuhe ku buso bworoshye, isuzumabumenyi ridasanzwe ry’imikorere ku bikoresho byo gukaranga birimo ibisabwa mu kugenzura, n’ibizamini bishya byo gushyiramo ibikoresho byo mu ifuru. Dosiye iyo ari yo yose yerekeye imiterere y’ibikoresho byo gushyushya (DCF) ivuga ku giciro cyabanje igomba kuvugururwa hamwe n’amakuru y’ibizamini hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu 2023. Igihe cy’impinduka ku byangombwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa hakurikijwe igiciro cya kera gisanzwe kirangira amezi 24 nyuma y’itariki yo guhuza igiciro cyo mu 2023, bivuze ko urubyaro rurangira hagati mu 2025.
Ese nshobora gukoresha SUS304 aho gukoresha Incoloy 800 mu gushyushya ifuru y'ubucuruzi?
Yego, SUS304 irahagije mu buryo bwa tekiniki ku bikoresho bishyushya ifuru ya toaster bikora ku bushyuhe bwa sheath kugeza kuri 650°C, mu gihe Incoloy 800 ihabwa amanota ku bushyuhe bwa sheath kugeza kuri 800°C. Ku bikoresho byinshi bishyushya ifuru by’ubucuruzi aho ubushyuhe bwa sheath bugera kuri 450-550°C, SUS304 irahagije. Ariko, niba amabwiriza y’igihe cy’akazi k’umuguzi wo mu Budage arengeje amasaha 16 yo gukora buri munsi, ndagusaba cyane Incoloy 800 kuko ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ogisijeni bwa SUS304 bugabanuka cyane nyuma y’amasaha agera ku 12.000 ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 500°C - hafi imyaka 2.3 y’igihe cy’akazi k’igikoni cy’ubucuruzi - mu gihe Incoloy 800 igumana ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ogisijeni ku buso mu gihe cy’amasaha arenga 20.000 mu bihe bimwe.
Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi
Jake
Umuyobozi w'Ibicuruzwa, Shengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance Co., Ltd
Jake amaze igihe acunga imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa bishyushya no kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga ya Shengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance kuva mu 2016, akurikirana kohereza imiyoboro y’ibishyushya ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye, ibikoresho bishyushya mu ifuru, ibikoresho bishyushya bikozwe mu mavuta, imiyoboro ishyushya mu mashanyarazi, ibishyushya bya silicone, ibishyushya bya silicone, ibishyushya bya crankcase, ibishyushya mu miyoboro y’amazi, ibishyushya bya aluminiyumu, n’ibicanwa bishyushya bya aluminiyumu ku bakiriya b’ubucuruzi n’inganda hirya no hino mu Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, na Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo. Yiyemereye ubwe kohereza ibimenyetso bya GS mark hamwe n’ibigo bitatu byemewe na DGUV, anacunga kohereza amakontenari 47 ku isoko ry’Ubudage ku gipimo cya 100% cy’intsinzi ku misoro ya gasutamo. Akorera mu ruganda rw’inganda rw’iyi sosiyete ruri i Shengzhou, mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, mu Bushinwa.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-09-2026