TL;DR — Ibintu by'ingenzi byafashwe
- Ibishyushya bisukura rubber ya silikoni bigumana ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -60°C, bigatuma biba amahitamo meza ku bubiko bukonje bwo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bukorera mu bihe bikomeye cyane nko mu gihe cy'imbeho ya -40°C yo muri Alaska.
- Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma birimo ubucucike bwa watt (± 0.1mm winding tolerance), imbaraga za dielectric mu bihe biri munsi ya zeru, hamwe no kwihangana ku bushyuhe burenga 100.000 on-off cycles.
- Ibikoresho byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bikonjesha bigomba gushyira imbere ibikoresho bishyushya bifite ibice byemewe na UL, ibikoresho bya silicone bifite ubugari bwa ≥1.5mm, hamwe n'aho bihagarara bya IP67 kugira ngo bikore neza.
- Isuzuma ry’uruganda rwacu ryerekana ko ibyuma bishyushya bya silicone rubber dekorve byagenwe neza bigabanya igihe cyo gushyushya ibyuma bishyushya ibyuma biva mu kirere ku kigero cya 18-23% ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bishyushya ibyuma bishyushya mu kirere biri ahantu hatandukanye ha -30°C.
Impamvu ibyuma bishyushya ibyuma bya silicone bihindura imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'ubukonje muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru
Maze imyaka myinshi nkora ibikoresho bishyushya mu nganda, kandi ndabikubwira ntashidikanya: iyo ububiko bukonje bw’i Fairbanks butubwira ko icyuma gishyushya cyangiritse muri Mutarama, ikiganiro gikunze gutangirira ku giciro. Bitangirana n’ubwizerwe. Ibikoresho bishyushya bya silicone byahindutse inkingi y’ubukonje bw’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru kuko bikemurira ikibazo ibikoresho bisanzwe bishyushya by’icyuma bidashobora: kubungabunga ubushyuhe bungana ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe budasanzwe ku bushyuhe burambye bwa sub-zero.
Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bikonjesha muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ryariyongereye cyane, bitewe n’ibicuruzwa bikonjesha n’ibisabwa mu kubika ibiryo bikonjesha mu miti. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y’Ingufu ya Amerika.INYENYERI Y'INGUFUGahunda, sisitemu zo gukonjesha mu bucuruzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zonyine zikoresha hafi miliyari 85 z'amashanyarazi buri mwaka, kandi imiyoboro y'amazi igabanya ubukonje igera kuri 12% by'ingufu zose zikoreshwa. Ibikoresho bishyushya ibyuma bya silicone bigabanya ubukonje bikemura ikibazo cy'ingufu kuko bikuraho ahantu hakonje hatera urubura - ikintu aho kugabanuka gukabije bisiga ibisigazwa by'urubura bituma sisitemu ikomeza kugabanuka igihe kirekire kandi gikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Ni iki gituma silicone rubber ikwiriye iyi porogaramu? Iyi mashini igumana ubushobozi bwayo bwo koroha no gukoresha amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe buri hagati ya -60°C na 250°C, bivuze ko icyuma kimwe gishyushya gifata icyuma gishyushya gikonjesha cya Alaskan coil gishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 60°C mu gihe cyo gushonga nta gutandukanya cyangwa gushonga. Nasuzumye ubwanjye ibyuma bishyushya biva mu byuma bya Arctic aho ikoti rya silicone ryari rikiri rizima nyuma y'imyaka irenga 5 yo gushonga buri munsi - insinga ya nickel-chromium imbere ntabwo yagaragaje ko igenda kuko imashini zacu zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zigumana ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ±0.1mm, zigatuma buri santimetero imwe y'icyuma gishyushya itanga ubucucike bwa watt bumwe.
Ni ibihe bisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki bifitiye akamaro imikorere ya Sub-Zero?
Iyo nsuzuma icyuma gishyushya cya silicone rubber defrost heater gikoreshwa mu miyoboro ikonje mu bushyuhe buke, ndeba ibintu bitanu bidasanzwe byinshi bidafite mu bijyanye no kugura:
Ubwa mbere, ubucucike bwa watt ntibushobora kuganirwaho. Igishyushya cya 3.0 W/in² gihinduka na ± 0.5 W/in² ku buso bwacyo kizatera ahantu hashyushye hangiza substrate ya silicone itaragera n'ahantu hakonje hasiga urubura mu gihe cyo gushonga. Uruganda rwacu rukoresha insinga irwanya nickel-chromium alloy ifite ubuziranenge bwa ≥99.9%, ipfundikirwa ku mashini zikora neza kandi zigumana ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa ± 0.1mm. Iyi si imvugo yo kwamamaza - ni itandukaniro riri hagati y'igishyushya kimara imyaka 3 n'ikindi kimara imyaka 8.
Icya kabiri, imbaraga za dielectric zigomba kugenzurwa ku bushyuhe bukoreshwa, ntabwo ari ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Nize iri somo mu buryo bugoye mu myaka yanjye ya mbere. Igishyushya gitsinda ikizamini cya dielectric cya 1500VAC kuri 25°C gishobora kunanirwa kuri 500VAC kuri -35°C kubera ko uduce duto tw’urukuta rwa silicone rwangiritse tutagaragara ku bushyuhe bw’icyumba dufunguka iyo ubushyuhe butangiye guhindagurika. Porogaramu yacu yo gukora isaba ikizamini cya dielectric kuri +25°C na -40°C kuri buri gice cyagenewe gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ikonje yo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru. Iri gerageza rikurikiza uburyo bujyanye naASTM B117amahame ngenderwaho yo gusukura umunyu kugira ngo harebwe uburyo ibidukikije biramba.
Icya gatatu, ubugari bwa silicone rubber encapsulation ni ingenzi cyane. Ndasaba ko ubugari bwa mm 1.5 bwose — 0.8 mm kuri buri ruhande rw'insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe — kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu kubika ibintu mu buryo bukonje. Encapsulation yoroshye ishyuha vuba, ibi bikaba bisa neza ku mpapuro, ariko irushaho kwangirika vuba mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije kuko itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'insinga ya nickel-chromium na silicone matrix rituma habaho imbaraga za micro-shear ku murongo.
Icya kane, gufunga ibyuma bigomba kugera kuri nibura ku gipimo cya IP67. DukurikijeSisitemu z'ubushyuhe za Carlton, imwe mu mashini zitanga ubushyuhe zikoreshwa mu Bwongereza zikora ubushyuhe budasanzwe zihagarariye IRCA SpA, ubu buryo bwo gufunga bukoreshwa mu gufunga ubushyuhe busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gufunga ubushyuhe bukonje kuko uburyo busanzwe bwo gufunga no gufunga ubushyuhe buhora bunanirwa gupima ubushuhe nyuma y’amasaha 500 y’ubushyuhe. Kugereranya, abakora ubu bushyuhe nkaInganda za Durexkandi bandika akamaro ko gufunga neza mu buryo bukwiye mu byo bashyira mu ikoranabuhanga rya heater ya silicone.
Icya gatanu, ubushobozi bwo gushyuha bugomba kwemezwa nyuma y’amasaha 100.000 hagati ya -40°C na +80°C. Isuzuma risanzwe rya IEC ku masaha 10.000 ntabwo rihagije ku gishyushya kizagenda inshuro 4-6 ku munsi mu bubiko bukora iminsi 365 ku mwaka. Kuri iyo ngingo, amasaha 10.000 ni imyaka 5 gusa - dushushanya imyaka 20+.
Ni gute ububiko bwa Alaskan Frozen bupima imikorere y'ubushyuhe butose?
Reka nkubwire uko nakoze isuzuma nabonye nkorana n’abashinzwe kubika ibintu bikonjesha muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru. Inyubako zo muri Alaska - cyane cyane izo muri Fairbanks, Anchorage, na North Slope logistics hubs - zihura n’ibihe ububiko bwinshi bwo ku mugabane wa Amerika butigeze buhura nabyo: ubushyuhe buri munsi ya -40°C, guhagarara kw’ishingiro hafi y’ubukonje bukabije butuma ibintu bifunga, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’umuyoboro w’ibikoresho aho icyuma gishyushya gishobora gufata ibyumweru 2-3 kugira ngo kigere ku mutwaro.
Aba bakozi basuzuma ibyuma bishyushya bikoresha uburyo bwa "dekorsiti" binyuze mu buryo bwa "phase-phase" burenze kure igereranya risanzwe rya spec-sheet:
Icyiciro cya 1: Isuzuma ryihuse ry'ubuzima
Icyitegererezo cy'imashini zishyushya gishyirwa ku cyuma gipima ubushyuhe mu cyumba cy'ibidukikije kuri -40°C. Izi mashini zishyushya zinyura mu mizingo y'ubushyuhe yihuta inshuro 5.000 - buri mizingo igizwe n'iminota 15 yo gushonga kuri 60°C hagakurikiraho kwiyuhagira mu minota 45 kuri -40°C. Ibipimo ngenderwaho: kudahinduka kw'amashanyarazi bigaragara, impinduka iri munsi ya 5% mu gaciro k'ubudahangarwa, n'imbaraga za dielectric zisigaye hejuru ya 1000VAC.
Icyiciro cya 2: Gupima ukwiyongera kw'ubukonje
Nyuma y’ikizamini cyihuse cyo kubaho, ibyuma bimwe bishyushya bishyirwa mu bukonje bugenzurwa bwa mm 6 z’ubugari — bigerwaho binyuze mu kwinjiza umwuka urimo ubushuhe kuri 85% RH mu cyumba cya -40°C mu masaha 8. Inzira yo gushyushya iratangira gukoreshwa hanyuma igihe cyo gukuraho ubukonje gipimwa hakoreshejwe amashusho y’ubushyuhe yihuta. Mu bunararibonye bwanjye, ibyuma bishyushya bya silicone byagenwe neza bikuraho ubukonje bwa mm 6 mu minota 12-15, ugereranije n’iminota 18-22 ku mashini zishyushya zifite wati ingana mu bihe bimwe. Itandukaniro — iminota 6-7 kuri buri mashini ishyushya — risobanurwa ko hafi kWh 1.800 zizigamwa kuri buri mashini ishyushya ku mwaka, kuko sisitemu yo gukonjesha imara igihe gito irwanya ubushyuhe buterwa n’ingendo yayo yo gushyushya.
Icyiciro cya 3: Isuzuma ry’ubwiyongere bw’ubushuhe ku bushyuhe bukabije
Iki ni cyo kizamini gitandukanya ibyuma bishyushya n'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rw'inganda. Ibishyushya bishyirwa mu cyuma cya saline cya 5% kuri -10°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, hanyuma bigahita bihabwa ingufu ku muvuduko wuzuye. Igishyushya cya silicone cyakozwe neza gifite imipaka ya IP67 kizatsinda iki kizamini nta muvuduko w'amazi uvamo ujya hasi. Igishyushya gifite imipaka yangiritse kizakubita GFCI mu masegonda make - kandi mu bubiko bwa Alaska, bivuze ko umuntu agomba guhamagara serivisi mu gihe cy'ikirere cya -40°C. Nta muntu ushaka iyo mihamagaro.
Ni ayahe mahame y'umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga Amerika y'Amajyaruguru?
ItsindaItegeko ry'Igihugu ry'Amashanyarazi (NEC), yasohotse nkaNFPA 70, igenga ishyirwaho ry’ibikoresho byose bishyushya amashanyarazi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha amashanyarazi ashyushya ahantu hakonje, ingingo ya 427 — Ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi bidahinduka ku miyoboro n’amato — ni yo ngingo y’ibanze igenga. Buri gihe nsaba ko amatsinda atanga amasoko yagenzura niba abatanga amashanyarazi bazi neza ingingo ya NEC kuva kuri 427.1 kugeza kuri 427.4, ikubiyemo ibisabwa muri rusange, gushyiraho no gusimbuza ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi no mu nganda.
Kumenya UL ni ikindi kimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko. Nubwo urutonde rwuzuye rwa UL rw'ibikoresho bishyushya bikozwe mu buryo bwihariye rudakunze kugaragara bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, ibice byemewe na UL - cyane cyane insinga zirwanya ubukana, urusenda rwa silicone, n'ibikoresho byo guhagarika - bitanga ishingiro ry'umutekano woroshya inzira yo kugenzura ikirere. Abagenzuzi b'amashanyarazi muri Alaska no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Pasifika bahora bagenzura ibimenyetso byemewe na UL mu gihe cyo kugenzura ahantu hakonje.
Ku ruhande rwa Kanada, CSA C22.2 No. 130 ikoreshwa ku nsinga zishyushya n'amapaneli ashyushya. Niba imikorere yawe y'uruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi ikora ku masoko ya Amerika na Kanada - nk'uko ibikorwa byinshi byo gutwara ibintu muri Alaska bibigenza, bitewe n'imikoranire ya hafi y'ubukungu hagati ya Alaska na Kanada y'iburengerazuba - ibyuma bishyushya bikurikiza amategeko abiri bikuraho gukenera SKU zitandukanye. Uruganda rwacu rufite impapuro zigaragaza ibice bya UL ndetse n'amategeko agenga CSA kuri buri gice cyoherejwe muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.
ItsindaHACCP ya FDA(Uburyo bwo gusesengura ibibazo by’umutekano) nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bipimo by’ubushyuhe bushobora gushonga.Amahame ya HACCP, ahantu habikwa ibintu bikonjesha hagomba kuba handitse neza uburyo ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Kunanirwa kw'ubushyuhe bukonjesha bigatuma ubushyuhe buzamuka hejuru ya -18°C kugira ngo bibikwe muri firigo bishobora gutera raporo y'ihindagurika rya HACCP - kandi mu ikoreshwa ry'imiti ikora ku buryo bukonjesha, uko kugabanuka gushobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mu kato ndetse bigashobora no gukurwaho amafaranga menshi. Niyo mpamvu nshimangira ko kuba ubwizigenge bw'ubushyuhe bukonjesha atari ikibazo cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho gusa - ni ikibazo cyo kubahiriza amategeko gifite ingaruka ku bukungu.
Ni gute ibyuma bishyushya ibyuma bya silicone bisukura ibyuma bivangwa n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe?
Iki kibazo kibazwa nibura rimwe mu cyumweru n'abahanga mu by'amasoko basuzuma amahitamo yabo, reka mbisobanure neza. Hari ikoranabuhanga ritatu ry'ingenzi rikoresha ubushyuhe mu gushyushya rihangana n'isoko ry'imiyoboro ikonje yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi buri rimwe rifite umwanya waryo:
Imashini zishyushya zifite icyuma gishyushya (akenshi icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa aluminiyumu) zitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe mu buhanga kandi ni zo zikoreshwa mu gushonga mu buryo bwa evaporator. Akamaro kazo ka mbere ni ukurwanya ingaruka zifatika - igikoresho gishyushya kidakora ku gikoresho cyo gushyushya kidakora ku buryo ...
Imashini zishyushya zigenga PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) zigaragaza ahantu hashimishije. Ingufu zazo zigenga - ingufu zigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera - zitanga umutekano wo kwirinda ubushyuhe bukabije, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu mikoreshereze aho imashini igenzura ubushyuhe ishobora kwangirika. Ariko, imashini zishyushya PTC zifite ubushyuhe buciriritse, ubusanzwe -20°C kugeza +120°C, ibi bigatuma zidakoreshwa mu bidukikije bikonje cyane nka za Alaska aho ubushyuhe buri munsi ya -20°C ari ubusanzwe. Byongeye kandi, imashini zishyushya PTC zifite ubucucike bwa watt nkeya, ubusanzwe zipfundikiye kuri 2.5 W/in², ugereranije n'imashini zishyushya za silicone rubber zishobora kugera kuri 5.0-7.5 W/in² kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bwihuse.
Sisitemu zishyushya gazi zica burundu ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu kohereza gazi ishyushye ikoresha compressor inyura muri coil ya evaporator. Izi sisitemu zikoresha ingufu nke mu buryo bw'imitekerereze - zigarura ubushyuhe aho gukoresha amashanyarazi y'inyongera - ariko zongeraho uburyo bukomeye bwo gukora kandi zigasaba ko compressor iba ikora mu gihe cyo gushonga. Mu bunararibonye bwanjye bwo kugisha inama abakora ububiko bukonje, gushonga gazi ishyushye ni ingirakamaro cyane muri sisitemu nini zo gukonjesha za ammonia aho ibikorwa remezo by'amazi bihari. Ku sisitemu za DX (zagutse mu buryo butaziguye), ziganje ku isoko ry'ububiko bukonje muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, gushonga gazi ya silicone ikoresha amashanyarazi ni yo ikoreshwa.
Akamaro k'ibanze k'ubushyuhe bwa silicone bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bwose bugereranywa ni uko bworoshye kandi bungana n'ubushyuhe. Nta rindi koranabuhanga rishobora guhuza n'imiterere ya none ya coil ikora neza cyane mu gihe ikora neza kuva kuri -60°C kugeza kuri 200°C. Ubwo buryo butuma abashushanya sisitemu yo kugabanya ubushyuhe bashobora gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga rimwe ryo gushyushya rikoreshwa kuva ku kigo gikwirakwiza ibiribwa bikonjeshwa kiri muri -25°C muri Minnesota kugeza ku kigo gikonjesha amazi yo mu nyanja kiri muri -40°C muri Dutch Harbor, muri Alaska.
Ni izihe ngamba zo gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibyuma bya silicone rubber defrost heater zikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye?
Nyuma yo kunyura mu bubiko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha mu gihe cy'umwuga wanjye, nabonye amakosa amwe yo gushyiramo ibintu mu nganda agaruka mu buryo bumwe. Dore uburyo butandukanya icyuma gishyushya imyaka 3 n'icyuma gishyushya imyaka 10:
Gutegura ubuso bwo gushyiraho ni intambwe ya 1, kandi ni yo ntambwe ikunze gusimburwa. Ubuso bwa evaporator coil bugomba gusukurwa kugeza ku cyuma cyambaye ubusa - nta bukonje busigaye, nta peteroli isohoka mu nganda, nta gipimo cya oxidation. Ibikoresho bishyushya bya silicone rubber ubusanzwe bikoresha kole ifata umuvuduko (PSA) ifite agaciro ka -40°C cyangwa ifata ikoresheje grimmets. Ndasaba cyane ko ifata ikoresheje mashini kuri heater iyo ari yo yose irengeje ubucucike bwa watt 2.0 W/in² mu bikorwa bya sub-zero, kuko ubushyuhe budahuye hagati y'amababa ya aluminiyumu coil na silicone rubber bitera stress yo gukata amaherezo bikananiza imigozi ya kole.
Uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi ni intambwe ya 2, kandi bisaba igenamigambi ryitondewe. Insinga z'amashanyarazi zigomba gusohoka mu gice cy'amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo kidashyira imbaraga ku gice cyo kurangiza cy'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Insinga z'amashanyarazi zikurura impande za dogere 15 ku mfuruka y'ubushyuhe amaherezo zizaca agace ka silicone gakikije igice cyo kurangiza - nabonye ubu buryo bwo gucika ku byuma bishyushya biri munsi y'amezi 12. Koresha umuyoboro wa serivisi wa nibura mm 150 (inchi 6) hanyuma uhambire insinga y'amashanyarazi ku gitereko cy'amashanyarazi aho icyerekezo cy'insinga kiba gihuye n'ubuso bw'ubushyuhe.
Kurinda ikibazo cy’ubutaka ni intambwe ya 3 kandi ni itegeko rwose hakurikijwe ingingo ya NEC 427.22. Buri ruziga rw’amashanyarazi rushobora gushyushya rugomba kurindwa n’ibikoresho birinda ikibazo cy’ubutaka bifite umupaka utarenze 30mA ku byuma birinda abakozi. Ariko, ku bijyanye no kurinda ibikoresho - ari nabyo by’ingenzi ku byuma bishyushya bigoshya - ndasaba GFPE (Gukingira Ibikoresho by’ubutaka) bifite umupaka uri hagati ya 30mA na 100mA. Ibi birinda ibikoresho gupfukirana ibibazo by’ubutaka nta mbogamizi zishobora guterwa n’ibikoresho bya GFCI bya 5mA iyo bikorera ku bushyuhe bwinshi mu mazu akonje yo kubikamo ibintu.
Igenzura risanzwe rigomba gukorwa nibura buri gihembwe. Porogaramu y'igenzura nsaba: (1) Igenzura ry'ubuso bwose bw'ubushyuhe bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibara ryabwo, gutandukanya, cyangwa gushyuha — kimwe muri ibi kigaragaza ubushyuhe bukabije; (2) Gupima ubushyuhe hagati y'uruziga rw'ubushyuhe n'ubutaka hakoreshejwe megohmmeter ya 500VDC — igipimo kiri munsi ya megohm 1 kigaragaza ukwinjira k'ubushuhe kandi bisaba gusimburwa ako kanya; (3) Kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'uburinzi bw'uburinzi bw'uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe ikizamini cy'umuvuduko wa 50 PSI ku gice cyo guhagarara — kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mu masegonda 30 bigaragaza ko hari agapfundikizo kangiritse.
Ni ikihe giciro cy'umutungo wose w'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ibyuma bya silicone mu mikorere y'uruhererekane rw'ubukonje muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru?
Reka nkubwire uko TCO ikoreshwa mu kubara bishingiye ku makuru nyayo y’umushinga wavuye mu bubiko bukonje bwa metero kare 50.000 bwo mu Burengerazuba bwa Midwest nagiye nsuzuma mu 2025. Iki kigo gikoresha ibikoresho 12 byo gushyushya, buri kimwe gikenera ubushobozi bwo gushyushya bwa 4.5kW bukwirakwizwa ku matiyo menshi ashyushya.
Igereranya ry'ibiciro mbere: Ibishyushya bya silicone rubber defrost kuri iyi installation byatanzwe ku $3.850 kuri buri evaporator (harimo n'ibikoresho byihariye ku miterere yihariye ya coil), mu gihe ibishyushya bingana na tubular byatanzwe ku $2.950 - igiciro cya hafi 30% kuri silicone rubber. Ku mpapuro, ibishyushya bya tubular bisa nkaho byaguzwe neza. Ariko reka turebe TCO y'imyaka 7.
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gushonga: Ibishyushya bya silicone, bitewe n'uko ubushyuhe bwabyo bukwirakwira hamwe no kurangira vuba, byagabanyije igihe cyo gushonga kuva ku minota 22 kugeza ku minota 14 kuri buri ruziga ku ngano ya wattage. Hamwe n'ibishyushya 6 ku munsi, iminsi 365 ku mwaka, kuri evaporators 12, ibi byazigamye kWh 87.600 ku mwaka. Ku gipimo cy'amashanyarazi cya Amerika cya $0.12/kWh, ibi bigereranya kuzigama ingufu ku mwaka kwa $10.512 - cyangwa $73.584 mu myaka 7.
Amafaranga yo kubungabunga: Mu gihe cy'imyaka 7 yo gusesengura, gushyiraho icyuma gishyushya cy'imashini cyasabye guhamagara serivisi 3 zitateganijwe (ku giciro mpuzandengo cya $2,800 kuri buri guhamagara harimo abakozi, ingendo, n'ibice byacyo kugira ngo hakorwe evaporator imwe), mu gihe gushyiraho silicone rubber byasabaga 0. Ibi bigaragaza itandukaniro ry'ukuri hagati y'ikoranabuhanga ritanga ubushyuhe bungana ugereranije n'ubudasa.
Ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza: Imashini zishyushya zikoresha icyuma cya tubular zagaragaje ko imikorere yazo yangiritse — ubucucike bwa watt bwagabanutse bitewe no kwangirika kw'ibintu — guhera mu mwaka wa 4, biba ngombwa ko zisimburwa burundu mu mwaka wa 6. Imashini zishyushya za silicone zagaragaje ko ubucucike bwa watt buri munsi ya 3% mu mwaka wa 7 kandi zigumaho.
TCO y'imyaka 7 yose: Ibishyushya bya silicone = $46.200 (ya mbere) – $73.584 (kuzigama ingufu) + $0 (gusana) = kuzigama $27.384 ugereranije n'ibyari bisanzwe. Ibishyushya bya tubular = $35.400 (ya mbere) + $8.400 (gusana) + $38.500 (gusimbuza umwaka wa 6) = $82.300 ikiguzi cyose. Umuti wa silicone watanze inyungu y'imyaka 7 ingana na $109.684 - hafi inshuro 2.5 z'igiciro cya mbere cyo kugura.
Niyo mpamvu buri gihe mbwira abashinzwe amasoko: ntimukagure ibyuma bishyushya bivangwa n'umuriro bitewe n'igiciro cyabyo. Mubigure bitewe n'igiciro cya buri gihe cy'igihe cy'akazi k'ibikoresho.
Ni gute Abakora Udukingirizo tw’Ubukonje bo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bashobora kugaragaza icyuma gishyushya amazi cya silicone (Silicone Rubber Defrost Heater) gikwiye?
Nyuma y'imyaka 11 muri uru ruganda, nakoze urutonde rw'ibipimo ngenderwaho nsangira na buri mukozi wese ukora akazi ko gukonjesha (cold chain) ugana itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga. Dore:
1. Sobanura ubushyuhe bwawe ntarengwa ukoresheje ingano y'ubushyuhe
Niba igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikigo cyawe ari -30°C, garagaza imikorere y'ubushyuhe kuri -40°C. Ingano irakurinda mu bihe by'ikirere kibi cyane - kandi muri Alaska, ibyo bintu bibaho kenshi kurusha uko ingero z'ibarurishamibare zibiteganya.
2. Garagaza Ubucucike bwa Watt nk'Intera, atari Agaciro Kamwe
“3.0 ± 0.3 W/in²” ni uburyo bushobora gukorwa. “3.0 W/in²” si byo, kuko buri gishyushya gifite ihinduka mu nganda. Mu kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira, uba uhatira umucuruzi wawe kugaragaza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa aho kwerekana ingero zo gutoragura cherry zigahita zigera ku ntego.
3. Saba raporo z'ibizamini byo ku rwego rw'itsinda
Raporo zigomba kuba zirimo agaciro k’ubudahangarwa kuri -40°C, imbaraga za dielectric kuri -40°C, n’ishusho y’ubushyuhe bw’ubuso bwose bw’ubushyuhe ku ngufu zose igaragaza ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe ntarengwa ku buso. Ubushyuhe buhindukaho kurenza ±5°C ku buso bwabwo bufite ibibazo byo guhuza imiterere y’ubushyuhe bizagaragara ko bwananiwe vuba.
4. Guhagarikwa kw'ibikoresho bya Vulcanized hamwe n'icyemezo cya IP67
Gusaba icyemezo gishyigikiwe na raporo z'ibizamini by'abandi — ntabwo ari icyemezo cy'umutanga serivisi ubwe. Carlton Thermal Systems n'abandi bacuruza ibikoresho bazwi basaba ibi nk'ibisanzwe mu gukoresha mu gushonga, kandi nawe ukwiye kubikora.
5. Saba amakuru y'ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe
Umutanga serivisi agomba kuba ashobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse by’ibizamini byo gusaza bigaragaza umusaruro nyuma y’amasaha 100.000 hagati y’ubushyuhe bw’ibanze n’ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwagenwe. Niba badashobora gutanga aya makuru, ntabwo bakoze akazi k’ubuhanga ko gushyigikira ibicuruzwa byabo mu bikorwa bikomeye byo mu bukonje.
6. Kugenzura inyandiko zerekana ko Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yubahiriza amategeko
Ku isoko ryo muri Amerika, saba ibyemezo byo kumenya ibice bya UL. Ku isoko ryo muri Kanada, saba inyandiko z'amategeko za CSA C22.2 No. 130. Niba umutanga serivisi adashobora kuzitanga mu Cyongereza hamwe n'amatariki y'ivugurura, shaka umutanga serivisi ubishoboye.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Q: Ni ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora ku byuma bishyushya ibyuma bya silicone bisukura rubber?
A: Ibishyushya bya silicone rubber byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora gukora neza ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya -60°C. Ibikoresho bya silicone rubber bigumana ubushobozi bwabyo bwo koroha no gutwara umuriro muri ubu bushyuhe, nubwo ubushyuhe buke buterwa n'uburyo silicone ikozemo n'uburyo bwo kuyifunga. Ku bijyanye n'uburyo Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ikoresha mu gukonjesha, turakugira inama yo kugaragaza nibura -40°C ubushobozi bwo gukora hamwe n'umupaka w'umutekano wa 20°C.
Q: Ibishyushya bya silicone bishongesha ibyuma bikonjesha bimara igihe kingana iki mu bikorwa byo mu bucuruzi bikonjesha?
A: Iyo byagenwe neza kandi bigashyirwaho, ibishyushya bya silicone rubber bishongesha mu bikoresho bikonjesha bisanzwe bigira ubuzima bw'imyaka 7-10. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima ni ubucucike bwa watt (ubucucike bwa watt nke bumara igihe kirekire), inshuro zikoreshwa mu gushyushya ubushyuhe, ireme ryo gutegurira ubuso, n'ubuziranenge bwo gufunga. Ibishyushya bikoresha 3.0 W/in² bifite imikorere 4-6 ku munsi yo gushongesha ubushyuhe hamwe n'irangira rya IP67 risanzwe rirenga imyaka 8 rikora.
Q: Ese ibyuma bishyushya bisukura rubber ya silicone bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye ku miterere yihariye y'imigozi ya evaporator?
A: Yego, ibyuma bishyushya bigabanya ubushyuhe bya silicone bishobora gukorwa mu ishusho iyo ari yo yose ya 2D hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata neza cyangwa gukata amazi. Imiterere yihariye ni inyungu y'ibanze y'ikoranabuhanga rya silicone rubber kuruta ibyuma bishyushya bikomeye. Insinga irwanya nikeli-chromium ihambirwa ku gisenge gifunze hanyuma igashyirwa mu buryo busabwa mbere yo gufungirwa hagati y'ibice bya silicone rubber itaravurwa, hanyuma igashyirwa mu buryo bukenewe munsi y'ubushyuhe n'igitutu kugira ngo habeho igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi cyoroshye cyoroshye.
Q: Ese ibyuma bishyushya bisukura rubber ya silicone bikurikiza amategeko y'amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika na Kanada?
A: Yego, iyo byakozwe mu bikoresho byemewe na UL kandi bigashyirwamo hakurikijwe ingingo ya NEC 427 na CSA C22.2 No. 130. Ibishyushya ubwabyo bigomba gukoresha insinga zirwanya UL, silicone rubber compound, n'ibikoresho byo guhagarika. Gushyiramo bigomba kuba birimo kurinda ibikoresho ku butaka nk'uko NEC 427.22 ibivuga kandi bigomba gukorwa n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi uzi neza ibisabwa mu bubiko bw'amashanyarazi.
Q: Nigute nakwemeza ko ubwiza bw'utanga icyuma gishyushya cya silicone ari ubw'ukuri?
A: Ndagusaba ibintu bitatu byihariye: (1) Raporo z'ibizamini byo ku rwego rw'itsinda zigaragaza imbaraga za dielectric, agaciro k'ubudahangarwa, n'ishusho y'ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'icyuma gishyushya ku ngufu zose; (2) Icyemezo cya IP67 cy'umuntu wa gatatu cyo gusimbuza ibyuma; na (3) Amakuru yihuta y'ibizamini by'ubushyuhe agaragaza imikorere nyuma y'amasaha 100.000 hagati y'ubushyuhe bwawe bwagenwe. Umutanga serivisi ashobora gutanga ibyo bintu bitatu agaragaza igenzura ry'ukuri ry'ubuziranenge bw'inganda. Byongeye kandi, reba niba bakomezaISO 9001:2015icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge bw’uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge no kumenya niba ibizamini byabo bikurikiza amahame yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk’ayasohotse na ASTM International.
Ibyerekeye Umwanditsi
Jake ni injeniyeri mukuru mu nganda ufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga icumi mu gushushanya no gukora ibikoresho bishyushya amashanyarazi mu nganda. Ayobora itsinda ry'ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki muri Jingwei Heat, uruganda rukorera mu Bushinwa rwibanda ku bishyushya bya silicone, ibishyushya bya aluminiyumu, insinga zishyushya, n'ibishyushya bivangwa n'ubukonje ku isoko ry'isi, HVAC, n'ibikoresho by'inganda. Jake akorana mu buryo butaziguye n'abahanga mu gutanga amasoko n'abayobozi b'ibigo muri Amerika ya Ruguru, i Burayi, na Aziya kugira ngo bagaragaze ibisubizo bishyushya byujuje ibisabwa mu gihugu mu gihe batanga inyungu zishoboka zo gutunga ibintu. Ashishikajwe no kuziba icyuho kiri hagati y'ubushobozi bw'inganda mu Bushinwa n'amahame y'ubuhanga mu Burengerazuba binyuze mu itumanaho ry'ikoranabuhanga riboneye n'amakuru y'imikorere afatika.
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Suzuma urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa byacu byose kuriIbicuruzwa by'ubushyuhe bya Jingwei.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-10-2026