Umuyoboro w'icyuma gishyushya gikoresha icyuma kidafunze: Igice cy'ingenzi cyo gukurura neza ibikoresho byo muri firigo (Verisiyo ya tekiniki)

Mu buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha nka firigo n'ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka,icyuma gishyushya icyuma kidakonjeshaUmuyoboro ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ingenzi kigenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Binyuze mu gushyushya neza hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, bikemurira ibibazo byo kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe no kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ziterwa no kuba ubukonje ku byuma bikonjesha. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bukonje bwo mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda, ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukonjesha. Ubwenge bw'ibipimo byayo n'uburyo itoranywamo bigena neza uburyo ibikoresho bikonjesha bigumana imbaraga kandi bikagabanya ingufu.

I. Inshingano y'ingenzi: Gukemura "Ikibazo cyo Gutera Ubukonje" ku Bikoresho byo Gukonjesha

Mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bikonjesha, ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'icyuma gikonjesha akenshi buba buri munsi ya -15°C, kandi umwuka w'amazi mu kirere uhora wiyongera ukavamo ubukonje. Ubukonje bwinshi cyane buzafunga umuyoboro w'umwuka w'icyuma gikonjesha, bugatuma ubushyuhe butiyongera, bugatera ingaruka mbi zo gukonjesha, kwiyongera k'umutwaro wa compressor, kwiyongera gukabije kw'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi, ndetse bigatuma ibikoresho binanirwa gukora.

Agaciro k'ibanze ka sus304umuyoboro w'icyuma gishyushyabikubiyemo kurangiza ibikorwa byo gushonga mu buryo bwikora, neza kandi mu mutekano:

- Kugenzura ko ubushyuhe bushobora gukoreshwa neza:Itsindaicyuma gishyushyaIshyuha vuba (40-60℃) nyuma yo gushyuha, ishongesha neza urwego rw'ubukonje ku buso bw'imashini ishyushya, igasubiza ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bw'imashini ishyushya, kandi ikarinda ko ingufu zikonje zisohoka mu buryo buhamye n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha.

- Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu mikorere:Igice gishyushya gikuraho ubukonje cyirinda kompreseri gukora cyane igihe kirekire bitewe n'ubukonje bwinshi cyane, kigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ritari rikwiye, kandi kikanoza ikigereranyo rusange cy'ingufu zikoreshwa n'ibikoresho.

- Kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho:Igishyushya gishyushya gigabanya ingese n'imbaraga za mekanike z'urukuta rw'ubukonje ku gikoresho gishyushya, kigabanya igihombo cy'ibice by'ingenzi nka compressors na fans, kandi cyongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha muri rusange.

- Gukoresha no kubungabunga byikora:Gufatanya n'ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo hagerwe ku kugenzura ubushyuhe mu buryo bwikora, nta gikorwa na kimwe gikenewe, gikwiranye n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukonjesha bikenewe mu buryo bw'ubwenge.

II. Imiterere, Ihame ry'Umurimo n'Ibipimo by'Ingenzi by'Umusaruro

1. Imiterere y'ibanze

Itsindaicyuma gishyushya gikoresha icyuma kidakonjeshaikoresha imiterere y'icyuma gishyushya cy'amashanyarazi gikozwe mu buryo bwa "tube" bukuze, kandi ibice byacyo by'ingenzi birimo:

- Igikonoshwa:Iyi mashini ikoresha umuyoboro udafite umugozi wa 304/316/316L w’icyuma kidashonga, ufite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n’imbaraga za mekanike, kandi ukwiriye ahantu hakonjesha n’ubukonje buciriritse.

- Ikintu gishyushya:Imbere huzuyemo insinga zishyushya zikoresha amashanyarazi ya nickel-chromium (Cr20Ni80) cyangwa icyuma-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl), zitanga ubushyuhe neza nyuma yo gukoreshwa, zifite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya burenze 95%.

- Uburyo bwo gukingira:Ifu ya magnesium oxyde crystalline (MgO) yuzuye hagati y’insinga zishyushya n’igishishwa cy’amashanyarazi, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe ni ≥100MΩ kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza.

- Gufunga no gusohora:Impande zombi zifunze na silicone rubber cyangwa neoprene, zihujwe n'insinga/imigozi y'umuringa cyangwa iy'icyuma kidashonga kugira ngo zihuzwe n'uburyo ibikoresho bihuzwa. Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bihuza ibikoresho bigenzura ubushyuhe n'imigozi kugira ngo binoze umutekano.

2. Uburyo bwo gukora (Guhindura ikirere mu buryo bwikora)

1. Icyiciro cyo gushingwa kw'urubura:Ibikoresho bikonjesha birakora, icyuma gikonjesha gikomeza gukonja, amazi ari mu kirere ahinduka urubura, kandi urubura rugenda rurushaho kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.

2. Gutangiza ingano y'amazi:Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bimaze amasaha 8-12 bikora (cyangwa bigenwa neza na microcomputer main board bitewe n'inshuro bikoreshwa n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere), sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe iratangira, compressor irahagarara, maze umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe ugatangira gukoreshwa.

3. Icyiciro cyo gushonga:Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe urashyuha, ubushyuhe bwimurirwa mu cyuma gishyushya amazi, urwego rw'ubukonje rushonga vuba, rugatemba mu isafuriya y'amazi runyuze mu mwobo w'amazi, hanyuma rugatunganywa n'amazi cyangwa amazi yo hanze.

4. Gusubiza inyuma icyiciro:Imashini igenzura ubushyuhe ibona ko ubushyuhe bwa evaporator buzamuka bukagera ku gipimo cyagenwe (ubusanzwe +10℃), umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe uragabanuka, compressor iratangira, hanyuma ibikoresho bigasubira muri firigo kugira ngo birangize uruziga rwo gushonga.

3. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ibicuruzwa (Amahame Rusange y'Inganda)

III. Ibyiza by'ibikoresho: Impamvu icyuma kitagira umugese ari cyo cya mbere mu gukaraba ibyuma bikonjeshwa

Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho nka aluminiyumu n'umuringa, icyuma kitagira umugese gifite ibyiza bidasubirwaho mu gukonjesha ibintu bikonjeshwa:

- Ubudahangarwa bukomeye bwo kwangirika:Icyuma kitagira umugese cya 304/316 gishobora kurwanya ingese ziterwa n'ubushuhe, amazi afunze, aside nke na alkali nke, kandi kibereye ahantu habi nko mu bubiko bukonje no mu byuma bikonjesha. Igihe cyacyo cyo gukora ni kirekire cyane kuruta igihe cy'imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu (igihe cyacyo cyo gukora cy'imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu akenshi ni amasaha 2000-3000 gusa).

- Ubudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no kudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe:Ishobora kwihanganira guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe bwinshi (60℃) mu gihe cyo gushonga no kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe (-40℃) mu gihe cyo gukonjesha, kandi ntizangirika cyangwa ngo zangirike nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, yirinda ibyago byo gusohoka kw'amazi biterwa no gusaza kw'ibikoresho.

- Ingufu nyinshi za mekanike:Urukuta rw'imiyoboro rufite ubushobozi bwo gukomera, rushobora kwihanganira guhinda no gukomereka mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gutwara ibikoresho, rukwiriye gushyirwaho inyubako zigoye nk'imashini zishyushya amafi, kandi ntibyoroshye kumena.

- Isuku n'umutekano:Ubuso burimo uburyohe kandi bworoshye gusukura, nta bintu byangiza bishobora guterwa n’amazi, byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku y’ibiryo bikonjeshwa n’ibikonjeshwa n’abaganga, kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu bubiko bw’ibikoresho by’ingenzi nk’ibiryo bishya n’inkingo.

IV. Ingano yo Gukoresha: Gukoresha Ibikoresho Bikonjesha mu Buryo Bwose

Bitewe n'imikorere ihamye n'uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura imiterere y'ibikoresho, imiyoboro y'icyuma gishyushya ikoresha icyuma kidafunze yabaye ibikoresho bisanzwe mu nganda zikora ibyuma bikonjesha, hamwe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo ziratandukanye gato mu bihe bitandukanye:

1. Ibikoresho byo muri firigo byo mu rugo (Icyitegererezo cy'ingenzi)

- Frigo/firigo zikonjesha zidafite ubukonje: Zishyizwe hasi ku gikoresho cyo guhumeka cyangwa hagati y'amababa, ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyo gukora akazi ko "kudakonjesha", kabereye firigo zo mu rugo zifite inzugi ebyiri, firigo zifite inzugi nyinshi n'firigo zihagaze. Icyerekezo cyo guhitamo: ingufu 50-200W, umurambararo w'umuyoboro Φ6-Φ8mm, ibikoresho 304 by'icyuma kitagira umugese.

- Ibikoresho byo gukonjesha biri mu bubiko: Nk'utubati twa divayi na firigo biri mu bubiko, kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bumwe imbere mu bikoresho no kwirinda ubukonje bugira ingaruka ku bubiko bw'amakusanyirizo. Icyibandwaho mu guhitamo: ingufu nke (50-100W), uburinzi bwa IP44, igishushanyo mbonera gito.

2. Ibikoresho byo muri firigo by'ubucuruzi

- Udusanduku two kwerekana ibintu mu maduka manini: Udusanduku tw'ibinyobwa, utubati twa ice cream, utubati twa delicatessen, utubati dushya two muri firigo. Gusukura inshuro nyinshi bitanga umusaruro mwiza wo kwerekana ibintu no gukora neza muri firigo, kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Icyerekezo cyo guhitamo: ingufu 200-1000W, 304/316 icyuma kidashonga, uburinzi bwa IP54.

- Frigo zo mu gikoni z’ubucuruzi: Frigo zihagaze/zigororotse na firigo zo gukoreraho mu mahoteli, resitora na canteen, zikwiriye ahantu ho mu gikoni harangwa n’ubushuhe bwinshi no gushonga neza. Icyibandwaho: ingufu 300-1500W, icyuma cya 316 cy’icyuma kidashonga, igishushanyo mbonera kidakoresha amavuta.

- Ibikoresho byo mu bubiko byoroshye: Udusanduku tw'imyenda dukonjeshwa n'utundi dusanduku tw'imyenda dukonjeshwa, bifasha mu gukora amasaha 24 no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga. Icyibandwaho: ingufu 500-2000W, uburinzi bwa IP54, igishushanyo mbonera kiramba.

3. Ibikoresho byo muri firigo mu nganda no mu bukonje

- Udukoresho two kubika umwuka ukonje: Amahitamo nyamukuru yo gushyushya amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi asukura imyuka mu bubiko bukonje buri hagati n'ubunini (0-4℃, kubika imbuto n'imboga) no kubika mu bukonje buri hasi (-18℃ kugeza -25℃, ibiryo bikonje). Icyerekezo cyo guhitamo: ingufu 1000-5000W, icyuma cya 316L, umurambararo w'umuyoboro Φ10-Φ16mm, uburinzi bwa IP54 n'uburenzeho.

- Ibikoresho bikonjeshwa/ibinyabiziga bikonjeshwa: Gukuraho imashini zishyushya mu bikoresho bikonjeshwa bigendanwa, bikwiriye ahantu hagoye mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu intera ndende. Icyibandwaho mu guhitamo: kurwanya guhindagurika kw'ibintu, kurinda IP65, guhangana n'amashanyarazi menshi (110V-380V).

- Ibikoresho bikonjesha by’umwuga: Ububiko bw’inkingo zikonjesha mu buvuzi, ibikoresho bikonjesha by’ingero za biyoloji, ibikoresho bikonjesha mu nganda bikonjesha mu bushyuhe buke, bihaza ibyifuzo byo gushonga neza kandi mu buryo buhamye. Icyibandwaho: Icyuma kitagira umugese cya 316L, igenzura ry’ubushyuhe ryashyizwe hamwe, igenamiterere ry’ingufu neza.

V. Ingingo zo guhitamo: Ibikenewe mu bikoresho byo muri firigo bihuye neza

Guhitamo imiyoboro y'icyuma gishyushya gikoresha ibyuma bitagira umugozi bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza n'umutekano w'ibikoresho bikonjesha. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo guhitamo ni izi zikurikira kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibikoresho cyangwa kongera ingufu zikoreshwa bitewe no guhitamo nabi:

- Guhuza ingufu: Hitamo ukurikije agace k'imashini ishyushya, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha n'ubushuhe bw'ikirere. Ingufu nke cyane zizatuma imashini ishyushya neza, kandi ingufu nyinshi cyane zizongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kandi zikangiza imashini ishyushya. Muri rusange, ingufu za 100-200W zihuzwa kuri metero kare y'imashini ishyushya.

- Guhitamo ibikoresho: Hitamo icyuma cya 304 kitarangirika cyo mu bwoko bwa "stainless steel" cyo mu bwoko bwa "304 stainless steel" cyo mu bwoko bwa "sta ...

- Guhindura imiterere: Umurambararo n'uburebure by'umuyoboro bigomba guhuza n'aho icyuma gishyiraho evaporator gishyirwa. Imashini zikoresha evaporator zikunda umurambararo muto w'umuyoboro (Φ6-Φ8mm), naho imashini zikoresha evaporator zigahitamo umurambararo munini w'umuyoboro (Φ10-Φ16mm); uburebure bw'insinga isohoka bugomba guhuza n'imiterere y'uruziga rw'ibikoresho kugira ngo hirindwe ko insinga ndende cyane iterana nabi.

- Urwego rw'uburinzi: IP44 irahagije mu bijyanye n'ingo, IP54 no hejuru yayo mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi/inganda (ubushuhe bwinshi, ivumbi), n'uburinzi bwa IP65 ku bikoresho byo gukonjesha byo hanze cyangwa bigendanwa (imodoka zikoresha iminyururu ikonje) kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi cyangwa ivumbi byinjira mu kirere.

- Imiterere y'umutekano: Ibicuruzwa bihujwe n'ibikoresho bigenzura ubushyuhe n'ibihuza na fuse, bishobora gukumira ko ibikoresho bishonga cyane no gushyuha cyane byangirika kandi bikanoza umutekano w'ibikoreshwa; ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'ibiribwa, hitamo ibicuruzwa byubahirije amategeko ya RoHS nta bintu byangiza bishobora kwangirika.

VI. Ingendo z'Iterambere ry'Inganda n'Agaciro

1. Agaciro k'ingenzi k'inganda

Imiyoboro y'icyuma gishyushya gikoresha ibyuma bitagira umugozi ni yo shingiro ry'ibikoresho bikonjesha kugira ngo bigere ku "bushobozi bwo hejuru, kuzigama ingufu no kumenya neza", bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku rwego rwo gukoresha ingufu neza, igihe gikoreshwa ndetse n'uburambe bw'ibikoresho. Mu ntego ya "karuboni ebyiri", imiterere yabyo yo gukurura neza no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu byabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuvugurura ibikoresho bikonjesha mu buryo bwo kuzigama ingufu. Dukurikije amakuru y'inganda, ibikoresho bikonjesha bifite imiyoboro y'icyuma gishyushya gikoresha ibyuma bitagira umugozi byiza bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 15%-25% no kongera igihe gikoreshwa cy'ibikoresho ku kigero kirenga 30%.

2. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho

- Kuvugurura ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe: Guhuza ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe bya NTC n'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe bya PTC kugira ngo bihindure imbaraga zihindagurika, bihindure imbaraga zishyushya mu buryo bwikora hakurikijwe ubunini bw'urukuta rw'ubukonje, bigabanya ingufu zikoreshwa, kandi bihuze n'imicungire n'igenzura ry'ibikoresho by'ubukonje bya interineti.

- Gukoresha neza ibikoresho: Igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bitagira umugese byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka 316L na 310S kirimo kwiyongera, kandi ibikoresho bitagira umugese byo mu rwego rwo hejuru birimo guterwa imbere kugira ngo bihuze n'ibintu bikonjesha byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'ubuvuzi n'ibiribwa, kandi binoze urwego rw'isuku n'umutekano.

- Udushya mu miterere: Ubushakashatsi, iterambere no guteza imbere imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ishyushya ubushyuhe n'iy'amazi byongera ubuso bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe, bikagabanya igihe cyo gushonga (kigufi cya 20%-30% ugereranyije n'imiyoboro isanzwe igororotse), kandi bigahuza n'ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bifite imbaraga nyinshi n'imiterere igoye kurushaho.

- Kurengera ibidukikije ku bidukikije: Koresha ibikoresho bikingira bidafite fluorine n'ibikoresho byubahirije amategeko ya RoHS kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije mu gihe cyo gukora no gukoresha, hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurengera ibidukikije; icyarimwe, wongere imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

Umwanzuro

Nubwoumuyoboro w'icyuma gishyushya gikoresha icyuma kidakonjeshaNi ntoya, ni "umurinzi utagaragara" wo gukoresha neza ibikoresho bikonjesha nka firigo n'ibyuma bikonjesha. Bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryayo rihamye ryo gushyushya amashanyarazi n'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho, ikemura ikibazo cy'ubukonje mu nganda zikonjesha. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu guhitamo neza no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, iteza imbere ibikoresho bikonjesha byo mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda kugira ngo bitere imbere mu cyerekezo cyiza, kizigama ingufu kandi gikoresheje ubwenge. Bitewe no gukomeza kuvugurura inganda zikonjesha no guteza imbere intego ya "karuboni ebyiri", ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kwagura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu byuma bikonjesha bizatanga inkunga ikomeye ku iterambere ry’ibidukikije ry’inganda zikonjesha n’izikonjesha ku isi, kandi bibe inkingi ikomeye mu rwego rw'ibikoresho bikonjesha.