Inyigisho y'abatangira mu gushyiraho igikoresho gishyushya mu ifuru

Abantu benshi bagira ubwoba bwo gusimbuzaigikoresho cyo gushyushya mu ifuruBashobora gutekereza ko umuhanga gusa ari we ushobora gukemura ikibazoikintu cyo mu ifurucyangwaikintu gishyushya ifuruUmutekano ni wo uza mbere. Buri gihe kuraho icyuma gikoresha umuriroicyuma gishyushya mu ifurumbere yo gutangira. Umuntu wese ashobora kwitondaibikoresho byo mu ifurukandi akazi karangire neza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Buri gihe zimya umuriro w'itanura ku gikoresho cyo gusohora umuriro mbere yo gutangira kwirinda impanuka y'amashanyarazi.
• Kusanya ibikoresho byose n'ibikoresho bikenewe, harimo n'ibikoresho by'umutekano, mbere yogukuraho ikintu gishaje gishyushya.
• Kuramo witonze insinga wongere uzishyire hamwe, uzifunge neza, hanyuma ugerageze ifuru kugira ngo urebe ko ishyushye neza.

Ikintu cyo gushyushya mu ifuru: Icyo uzakenera

Ibikoresho birakenewe

Umuntu wese utangira uyu mushinga azakenera kubanza gukusanya ibikoresho bikwiye. Siruvisi ya Phillips cyangwa flathead ikora ku ziko nyinshi. Zimwe mu ziko zikoresha ubwoko bwombi bwa vis, bityo bifasha kugenzura mbere yo gutangira. Indorerwamo zo kwirinda zirinda amaso umukungugu cyangwa imyanda. Uturindantoki dukingira amaboko impande zishyushye n'ahantu hashyushye. Uburoso bw'insinga cyangwa agapapuro k'umusenyi bishobora gusukura amashanyarazi iyo bisa n'ibyanduye cyangwa bifite ingese. Abantu benshi bakoresha kandi agasanduku gato ko gufatamo vis n'uduce duto. Ibi bituma ibintu byose bitunganywa kandi byoroshye kubibona nyuma.

Inama: Buri gihe shyira igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ifuru hafi. Gishobora kwerekana ubwoko nyabwo bw'amakuru cyangwa inomero y'igice gikenewe kugira ngo habeho gushyushya ifuru.

Urutonde rw'ibikoresho

Mbere yo gusimbuza ibikoresho bishyushya mu ifuru, bifasha kuba ufite ibikoresho byose biteguye. Dore urutonde rw'ibintu bikenewe:

• Ikintu gishyushya gisimbura(reba neza ko bihuye n'icyitegererezo cy'ifuru)
• Sikurudi (Phillips cyangwa flathead, bitewe n'ifuru)
• Indorerwamo z'umutekano
• Uturindantoki
• Uburoso bw'icyuma cyangwa urupapuro rwo gusiga (rwo gusukura aho amashanyarazi ahurira)
• Agasanduku gato ko gushyiramo vis
• Isuku idasesagura kandi ikoresha uburoso bworoshye cyangwa siponji (yo gusukura imbere mu ifuru)
• Uburyo bwo guhagarika amashanyarazi (gukuramo cyangwa kuzimya icyuma gihagarika amashanyarazi)
• Ibikoresho byo mu ifuru byakuweho bigashyirwa ku ruhande

Ingufu zihuseigenzura ry'amasoby'ikintu gishaje bifasha kumenya aho ibintu bicitse, aho byacitse cyangwa bihinduka ibara. Niba utazi neza igice gikwiye, gusuzuma igitabo cy'ifuru cyangwa kubaza umuhanga bishobora gufasha. Kugira byose biteguye bituma akazi koroha kandi kakagira umutekano.

Igice cyo gushyushya mu ifuru: Amabwiriza y'umutekano

Kuzimya umuriro kuri Breaker

Umutekano ni wo uza mbere y'ibindi byose iyo ukoresha amashanyarazi. Mbere yuko umuntu akora kuigikoresho cyo gushyushya mu ifuru, bagombazimya umuriro kuri breakerIyi ntambwe irinda abantu bose gushya cyangwa gushya n'amashanyarazi. Dore urutonde rworoheje rwo kuzimya umuriro:

1. Shaka icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kigenzura ifuru.
2. Hindura igikoresho cyo gusohora (breaker) ugishyire aho "kizimya".
3. Shyira ikimenyetso cyangwa inyandiko ku kibaho kugira ngo wibutse abandi kutazongera kugifungura.
4. Koresha ibikoresho bikingira kandi wambare amadarubindi y'umutekano n'uturindantoki twa rubber.
5. Gerageza ifuru ukoresheje icyuma gipima amashanyarazi kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta ngufu ifite.

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku mutekano w’amashanyarazi (Electrical Safety Foundation International) utangaza kohabaye imvune nyinshiiyo abantu barenze izi ntambwe. Uburyo bwo gufunga/guhagarika no kugenzura niba nta mvururu zihari bifasha mu gukumira impanuka. Gukurikiza izi ntambwe birinda buri wese mu rugo.

Inama: Ntukihutire iki gice. Gufata iminota mike y'inyongera bishobora gukumira imvune zikomeye.

Kwemeza ko ifuru ikora neza

Nyuma yo kuzimya umuriro, ni ngombwa kugenzura ko itanura ritekanye. Abantu bagomba kureba ibimenyetso byose by'uko insinga zangiritse cyangwa zifungutse. Ku itanura ry'amashanyarazi, bagomba kugenzura ko imiyoboro yose ifatanye neza. Ku itanura rya gazi, bagombakugenzura niba hari aho gazi yamenetsembere yo gutangira. Gusukura ahantu hakikije ifuru bifasha kwirinda kugwa cyangwa kugwa.

• Soma amabwiriza y'ifuru kugira ngo ubone amabwiriza yihariye ku buryo bwo kuyikoresha.
• Menya neza ko ifuru ijyanye n'umwanya kandibihuye n'ibikenewe mu amashanyarazi.
• Suzuma ifuru kugira ngo urebe ko hari imivuniko, ibice byacitse, cyangwa insinga zagaragaye.
• Ambara uturindantoki n'indorerwamo z'umutekano kugira ngo urinde amaboko n'amaso.

Niba hari umuntu wumva atazi neza intambwe runaka, agomba guhamagara umuhanga. Umutekano ni wo ukenewe cyane iyo ukoresha icyuma gishyushya ifuru.

Gukuraho igikoresho cyo gushyushya ifuru cya kera

Gutwaramo udukoresho two gutwikira mu ifuru

Mbere y'uko umuntu wese agera ku kintu gishyushya ifuru gishaje, agomba gukosora inzira. Udusanduku tw'ifuru tuba imbere y'ikintu kandi dushobora kubuza abantu kwinjira. Abantu benshi babona ko byoroshye gusohora utwo dusanduku. Bagomba gufata buri gisanduku neza bakagikurura bagana aho bari. Iyo utwo dusanduku twumvise ko twafashe, gukurura buhoro buhoro bikunze gufasha. Gushyira utwo dusanduku ku ruhande ahantu hizewe bituma dukomeza kuba isuku kandi tutagera mu nzira. Gukuraho utwo dusanduku binatanga umwanya munini wo gukora kandi bifasha kwirinda gushwanyagurika cyangwa gucika intege ku buryo butunguranye.

Inama: Shyira ibikoresho byo mu ifuru ku gitambaro cyangwa ahantu horoshye kugira ngo wirinde gushwanyaguza hasi cyangwa ku meza.

Gushaka no gukuramo igikoresho

Iyo ibirahuri bimaze gusohoka, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukubonaigikoresho cyo gushyushya mu ifuruMu ziko nyinshi, ikintu kiba hasi cyangwa inyuma y'urukuta. Kigaragara nk'uruziga rw'icyuma kinini gifite ibyuma bibiri cyangwa ibyuma bijya mu rukuta rw'ifuru. Zimwe mu ziko zifite igipfundikizo hejuru y'ikintu. Niba ari uko bimeze, screwdriver ikuraho igipfundikizo byoroshye.

Dore ubuyobozi bworoshye bw'intambwe ku yindi kurigukuramo ikintu:

1. Shaka utuzu dufata igikoresho gishyushya. Akenshi tuba turi hafi y'impera z'igikoresho aho gihurira n'urukuta rw'ifuru.
2. Koresha screwdriver kugira ngo ufungure kandi ukureho vis. Shyira vis mu kintu gito kugira ngo bitazimira.
3. Kuraho witonze ikintu kikwerekeye. Ikintu kigomba kugenda buhoro buhoro, ushyireho insinga zifatanye inyuma.

Iyo vis zumye, kwitonda gato birafasha. Hari igihe igitonyanga cy'amavuta yinjira gikuraho vis zumye. Abantu bagomba kwirinda gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugira ngo wirinde gukuraho imitwe y'vis.

Icyitonderwa: Amafuru amwe ashobora kuba afite icyo kintu gifatanye n'udupira aho kuba vis. Muri icyo gihe, kuraho icyo kintu witonze.

Guhagarika insinga

Iyo igikoresho gikuruwe imbere, insinga zitangira kugaragara. Izi nsinga zitanga umuriro ku kintu gishyushya mu ifuru. Buri nsinga ihuzwa n'icyuma gishyushya kuri icyo kintu ikoresheje akantu koroshye ko gushyiramo cyangwa akantu gato ko gukurura.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gukata insinga burimo:

• Fata neza icyo gihuza ukoresheje intoki cyangwa intoki.
• Kura icyuma gihuza amashanyarazi ku gice cy'amashanyarazi. Irinde kuzunguruka cyangwa gukurura, kuko bishobora kwangiza insinga cyangwa igice cy'amashanyarazi.
• Iyo icyuma gihuza ibyuma kibonye ko cyafashwe, kugizunguza buhoro buhoro bifasha kugikuramo.
• Ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro yo mu bwoko bwa screw, koresha screwdriver kugira ngo woroshye screw mbere yo gukuraho insinga.

Abantu bagomba gufata insinga witonze. Imbaraga nyinshi zishobora kwangiza insinga cyangwa kwangiza icyuma gihuza insinga. Iyo insinga zisa n'izanduye cyangwa zangiritse, gusukura vuba ukoresheje uburoso bw'insinga cyangwa agapapuro k'umucanga binoza uburyo bwo guhuza insinga nshya.

Guhamagara: Fata ifoto y'insinga mbere yo kuzikuraho. Ibi bituma byoroha kongera guhuza byose neza nyuma.

Impuguke zimwe na zimwe zitanga inama yo kugerageza ikintu gishaje ukoresheje multimeter mbere yo kukivanaho. Ikintu gisanzwe gishyushya ifuru kigomba gusoma kuriUbudahangarwa bwa ohm 17. Iyo ishusho iri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ikintu kiba gifite inenge kandi gikeneye gusimburwa. Kureba niba hari imiyoboro idakora neza kuri terminals nabyo bifasha gusuzuma ibibazo.

Mu gukurikiza izi ntambwe, umuntu wese ashobora gukuraho ikintu gishyushya ifuru gishaje neza akitegura gishya.

Gushyiramo igikoresho gishya cyo gushyushya mu ifuru

Guhuza Insinga n'Ikintu Gishya

Noneho haje igice gishimishije—guhuza insinga n'icyuma gishya gishyushya. Nyuma yo gukuraho icyuma gishaje, abantu benshi babona insinga ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zimanitse ku rukuta rw'itanura. Izi nsinga zijyana amashanyarazi ku cyuma gishyushya mu itanura. Buri nsinga igomba guhuzwa n'icyuma gikwiye kuri icyo cyuma gishya.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza insinga:

1. Fataigikoresho gishya cyo gushyushyahafi y'urukuta rw'ifuru.
2. Huza buri nsinga n'aho ifoto iherereye. Abantu benshi basanga ari ingirakamaro kureba ifoto bafashe mbere.
3. Sunika insinga zihuza imiyoboro ku miyoboro kugeza igihe zumva zimeze neza. Niba izihuza zikoresha vis, zihambire buhoro ukoresheje vis.
4. Menya neza ko insinga zidakora ku bice by'icyuma uretse aho zihagarara. Ibi bifasha kwirinda ibibazo by'amashanyarazi.
5. Niba insinga zisa n'izicitse cyangwa zacitse, koresha insinga zishyushye cyane kugira ngo uzihambire.

Inama: Buri gihe genzura neza ko buri kintu cyose gifatanye gifashe neza. Insinga zifunguye zishobora gutuma ifuru ihagarara gukora cyangwa ndetse zikanatera ibyago by'inkongi y'umuriro.

Abakora batanga inamakwambara uturindantoki n'indorerwamo z'umutekanomuri iki cyiciro. Ibi birinda amaboko n'amaso impande zityaye cyangwa ibishashi. Basaba kandi kureka igikoresho gishyushya ifuru kigakonja neza mbere yo kugikoraho. Umutekano uza mbere ya byose.

Gukingira Element nshya mu mwanya wayo

Insinga zimaze guhuzwa, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ugufata neza igikoresho gishya. Ikintu gishya gishyushya ifuru kigomba guhuza neza n'aho ishaje yari iri. Ifuru nyinshi zikoresha vis cyangwa udukingirizo kugira ngo zifate igikoresho mu mwanya wacyo.

Kurikiza izi ntambwe kugira ngo ushyireho umutekano w'ikintu:

1. Suka witonze ikintu gishya mu mwenge uri mu rukuta rw'ifuru.
2. Shyira imyobo y'ibisuguti ku kintu hamwe n'imyobo iri mu rukuta rw'ifuru.
3. Shyiramo vis cyangwa udupfunyika twafataga ikintu gishaje. Bihambire kugeza igihe ikintu gihagaze ku rukuta, ariko ntukabishyireho cyane.
4. Iyo ikintu gishya kizanye na gasket cyangwa O-ring,shyira ahantu habigenewe kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho icyuho.
5. Genzura ko ikintu gisa neza kandi ko kidahindagurika.

Icyitonderwa: Gusukura aho gushyiramo mbere yo gushyiraho ikintu gishya bifasha kwicara neza no gukora neza.

Abakora bavuga ko ari ngombwa kugenzura ko ikintu gishya gihuye n'icya kera mu miterere n'ingano. Banakugira inama yo gufata ifoto y'insinga mbere yo gufunga ifuru. Ibi bituma gusana mu gihe kizaza byoroha. Buri gihe kurikiza amabwiriza ari mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ifuru kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza.

Uburyo bwo gushyushya ifuru buhamye butuma ifuru ishyuha neza kandi mu mutekano. Gufata iminota mike y'inyongera kugira ngo urebe buri ntambwe bifasha kwirinda ibibazo nyuma.

Guteranya Ifuru Nyuma yo Gushyiramo Imashini Ishyushya

Gusimbuza amasashe n'ibipfukisho

Nyuma yo kubona ububiko bushyaigikoresho gishyushya, intambwe ikurikiraho ikubiyemo gusubiza ibintu byose mu mwanya wabyo. Abantu benshi batangira bashyira ibikoresho byo mu ifuru mu mwanya wabyo wa mbere. Buri gikoresho kigomba kugenda neza ku miyoboro. Niba ifuru ifite igipfundikizo cyangwa agapapuro karinda ikintu, bagomba kugishyira hamwe n'imyobo y'amakuru hanyuma bakagihambira neza. Amafuru amwe akoresha udukingirizo aho gukoresha amakuru, bityo gusunika buhoro buhoro bishobora kuba ari byo byonyine bikenewe.

Dore urutonde rw'ibanze rw'iyi ntambwe:

• Shyira ibyuma byo gushyiramo ifuru mu mwanya wabyo.
• Ongera ushyireho ibipfukisho cyangwa udupapuro twakuweho mbere.
• Menya neza ko vis cyangwa udupfunyika byose bifunze neza.

Inama: Hanagura imitako n'ibipfundikizo mbere yo kongera kuyishyiramo. Ibi bituma ifuru isukura kandi yiteguye gukoreshwa.

Igenzura rya nyuma ry'umutekano

Mbere yo gusubizaho amashanyarazi, buri wese agomba gufata umwanya wo gusuzuma umutekano we bwa nyuma. Bagomba gushaka vis zidafite aho zihuriye, insinga zimanitse, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose kidahuye n'aho giherereye. Ibice byose bigomba kumva ko bifite umutekano. Niba hari ikintu gisa n'aho kidahuye n'igihe, ni byiza kugikosora ubu aho kugikosora nyuma.

Gahunda yoroshye yo kugenzura ikubiyemo:

1. Genzura ko ikintu gishya gihagaze neza mu mwanya wacyo.
2. Emeza ko insinga zose zihujwe neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe.
3. Menya neza ko ibipfukisho n'amabati bikwiranye neza nta kunyeganyega.
4. Shaka ibikoresho cyangwa ibice bisigaye mu ifuru.

Iyo byose bisa neza, bashoboraongera ushyiremo ifurucyangwa ufungure igikoresho cyo gukata.Gupima ifuru ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwo gutekabifasha kwemeza ko gusana byakozwe. Iyo ifuru ishyushye nk'uko byari byitezwe, akazi kaba karangiye.

Itangazo ry'umutekano: Niba hari umuntu wumva atazi neza uko ishyirwaho, agomba kuvugana n'inzobere mbere yo gukoresha ifuru.

Kugerageza igikoresho gishya cyo gushyushya mu itanura

Kugarura ingufu mu itanura

Nyuma yo guhuza byose, igihe kirageze cyo kugarura imbaraga. Bagomba guhora bakurikizaamategeko y'umutekano mu gihe ukoresha amashanyaraziMbere yo kugarura icyuma gicanira umuriro cyangwa kongera gufunga ifuru, bagomba kugenzura neza ko ahantu hatari ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bishobora gushya. Abantu bakuru babishoboye ni bo bonyine bagomba gufata ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Niba ifuru ikoresha icyuma gifite amenyo atatu, bagomba kugenzura koaho basohokera hari hasi kandi ntabwo harenze urugerohamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi.

Dore uburyo bwizewe bwo kugarura ingufu:

1. Suzuma neza ko ibifuniko byose n'amapaneli byose birinzwe neza.
2. Menya neza ko intoki zumutse kandi ko hasi hatatose.
3. Hagarara ku ruhande rw'agace k'icyuma gicana umuriro, hanyuma uhindure agace k'icyuma gicana umuriro kugira ngo "gafungure" cyangwa wongere ushyiremo ifuru.
4. Guma ufite nibura metero imwe n'igice hafi y'aho amashanyarazi ahagarara kugira ngo habeho umutekano.

Inama: Niba ifuru idacanye cyangwa hari ibishashi cyangwa impumuro idasanzwe, zimya umuriro ako kanya hanyuma uhamagare inzobere.

Kugenzura imikorere ikwiye

Iyo itanura rimaze kugira umuriro, ni cyo gihe cyogerageza igikoresho gishya gishyushyaBashobora gutangira bashyira ifuru ku bushyuhe bwo hasi, nka 200°F, bakareba ibimenyetso byerekana ko ifuru ishyushye. Ifuru igomba gushya itukura nyuma y'iminota mike. Iyo bitagenze gutyo, bagomba kuzimya ifuru bakareba aho ihuriye.

Urutonde rworoshye rwo gupima:

1. Shyira ifuru kugira ngo iteke hanyuma uhitemo ubushyuhe buri hasi.
2. Tegereza iminota mike hanyuma urebe mu idirishya ry'ifuru kugira ngo urebe urumuri rutukura.
3. Umva urusaku cyangwa induru zidasanzwe.
4. Impumuro iyo ari yo yose y'impumuro ishyushye, bishobora gusobanura ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza.
5. Niba ifuru ifite ecran ya digitale, reba niba hari amakosa ariho.

Kugira ngo bakore ikizamini kirambuye, bashobora gukoreshametero nyinshi:

• Zimya ifuru hanyuma uyikuremo umuriro.
• Shyira multimeter kugira ngo ipime uburinzi (ohms).
• Kora ku byuma bipima imiterere y'ikintu. Ubusanzwe gusoma neza ni byohagati ya 5 na 25 ohms.
• Iyo igipimo kiri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, icyo gice gishobora kudakora neza.

Icyitonderwa: Iyo itanura rishyushye neza kandi nta bimenyetso by'umuburo bihari, ishyirwaho ryagenze neza!