Ni ubuhe butumwa bw'ibikoresho mu bikoresho byo gushyushya amazi

Ibikoresho bya agushyushya ibintu byo gushyushya amazini ngombwa mu mikorere yacyo. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bitanga imbaraga nintege nke bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kuramba. Kurugero, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe birwanya ruswa kurusha ibindi, bikavamo ibice birebire. Mugusobanukirwa iyi mitungo, abaguzi barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye mugihe bahisemo agushyushya amazicyangwa aikintu gishyushya amaziibyo bihuye neza nibyo basabwa.

Ibyingenzi

• Hitamo ibintu byo gushyushyahashingiwe ku bwiza bw'amazi. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda na titanium birwanya ruswa, bigatuma biba byiza kumazi akomeye.
• Sobanukirwa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Umuringa urashyuha vuba ariko urashobora kwangirika, mugihe ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga impirimbanyi zikora neza kandi ziramba.
• Kubungabunga buri gihe byongerera igihe cyo gushyushya ibintu. Imirimo yoroshye nko koza ikigega irashobora gukumira igipimo cyuzuye no kunoza imikorere.
• Reba ibiciro birebire kurenza ibiciro byambere. Gushora mubikoresho biramba birashobora kuzigama amafaranga kubasimbuye na fagitire yingufu.
• Kurikirana ubushyuhe bwamazi. Kugumana ubushyuhe kuri 120ºF kugeza 140ºF birashobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe no gukoresha ingufu.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gushyushya amazi

Ku bijyanye no gushyushya ibintu bishyushya amazi, ibikoresho byinshi biragaragara. Buri kintu gifite ibintu byihariye bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kuramba. Reka dusuzume neza ibikoresho bitatu bisanzwe: umuringa, ibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe na nikel-chromium.

Umuringa

Umuringa ni amahitamo azwi cyane yo gushyushya ibintu kubera imikorere myiza yo kohereza ubushyuhe. Ashyushya amazi vuba, bigatuma ikoreshwa neza. Ariko, ifite ibibi bimwe. Kurugero, umuringa ntushobora kwihanganira ruswa. Igihe kirenze, irashobora gukora patina ishobora kwanduza isoko y'amazi. Dore kugereranya byihuseibyiza n'ibibi:

Ibyuma

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nubundi buryo bwiza bwo gushyushya ibintu. Iratakurwanya cyane ruswa, byongera ubuzima bwa serivisi yubushyuhe bwamazi. Ibi bikoresho bigenda inzira ya passivation ikora urwego rukingira oxyde. Uru rupapuro rwirinda ruswa kandi rushobora no kwikiza iyo rwangiritse. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi zerekeye ibyuma bitagira umwanda:

• Irashobora gusaba kubungabungwa bike mumyaka irenga 30.
• Kuramba kwayo bituma biba byiza kubikorwa byizewe.
• Ni amahitamo meza kubice bifite amazi akomeye.

Nickel-Chromium Amavuta

Nickel-chromium alloys, bakunze kwita Nichrome, izwiho gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Bafite ibintu byinshi biranga bituma bishyushya ibintu:

Amanota yihariye nka 80/20 Nichrome na 70/30 Nichrome irazwi cyane kubwo guhagarara kwayo no gukora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byizakubintu byo gushyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi birashobora guhindura cyane imikorere no kuramba. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bikoresho bifasha abaguzi gufata ibyemezo byuzuye.

Titanium

Titanium igaragara nkicyifuzo cyambere cyo gushyushya amazi. Ibi bikoresho bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe zituma biba byiza mubihe byihariye. Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru abantu bahitamo titanium irashimishijeKurwanya ruswa. Iyi miterere ifite agaciro cyane cyane mubidukikije byamazi, aho imyunyu ngugu ishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.

Hano hari ibyiza byingenzi byo gushyushya titanium:

• Kurwanya ruswa: Titanium irwanya ruswa kurusha ibindi bikoresho byinshi. Ibi bivuze ko ishobora kumara igihe kirekire, ndetse no mubihe bigoye byamazi.
• Gucika intege: Abakoresha bakunze kuvuga bike gusenyuka no gusimburwa kenshi mugihe ukoresheje ibintu bya titanium. Uku kwizerwa kurashobora kubika igihe n'amafaranga mugihe kirekire.
• Igishushanyo Cyinshi cya Watt Igishushanyo: Ubucucike buke bwa watt yibintu bya titanium bifasha kugabanya amabuye y'agaciro. Iyi mikorere yongerera igihe cyo gushyushya amazi, bigatuma ikora neza mugihe.

Inama: Niba utuye ahantu hafite amazi akomeye, tekereza gushora mubintu byo gushyushya titanium. Irashobora kugukiza ibibazo byo guhora usana nabasimbuye.

Usibye izi nyungu, titanium yoroshye kandi byoroshye kuyishyiraho. Ibi bituma iba amahitamo afatika kubintu byombi bishya no kubisimbuza. Mugihe titanium ishobora kuza ifite ikiguzi cyo hejuru ugereranije nibindi bikoresho, imikorere yigihe kirekire akenshi isobanura ishoramari.

Muri rusange, ibikoresho byo gushyushya titanium bitanga igisubizo cyizewe kandi cyiza kubikenewe byo gushyushya amazi. Mugusobanukirwa imiterere yihariye ya titanium, abaguzi barashobora guhitamo neza biganisha kumikorere myiza no kuramba mumashanyarazi yabo.

Ibyiza byo gushyushya ibikoresho

Igiheguhitamo ikintu gishyushyakubikorwa byo gushyushya amazi, gusobanukirwa imiterere yibikoresho bitandukanye ni ngombwa. Ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi biragaragara: ubwikorezi, kurwanya ruswa, no kwagura ubushyuhe. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bintu kigira uruhare runini mu mikorere no kuramba kwubushyuhe.

Imyitwarire

Imyitwarire yerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gutwara amashanyarazi nubushyuhe. Uyu mutungo ningirakamaro mubintu byo gushyushya, kuko bigira ingaruka kuburyo bwihuse kandi neza bashobora gushyushya amazi. Hano reba vuba uburyo ibikoresho bitandukanye bikurikirana muburyo bwo kuyobora:

Urugero, umuringa, ufite ubushyuhe bwiza cyane, butuma ashyushya amazi vuba. Ariko, kurwanya kwangirika kwayo birashobora kuba imbogamizi mubidukikije. Ku rundi ruhande,ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga impirimbanyihagati yimyitwarire nigihe kirekire, bigatuma ihitamo gukundwa nabashyushya amazi menshi.

Kurwanya ruswa

Kurwanya ruswa ni undi mutungo ukomeye ugomba gusuzuma. Ibintu bishyushya akenshi bikorera mubidukikije aho bihurira namazi, bishobora gutera kwangirika mugihe. Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa birashobora kwongerera cyane igihe cyo gushyushya ibintu. Dore kugereranya ibikoresho bimwe bisanzwe:

Ibyuma bitagira umwanda na Incoloy ni amahitamo meza kubidukikije bifite amazi akomeye, kuko birwanya ruswa neza. Iyi myigaragambyo ntabwo yongerera igihe kirekire gusa ahubwo inagabanya ibikenewe byo kubungabunga.

Kwagura Ubushyuhe

Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bivuga uburyo ibintu byaguka cyangwa amasezerano iyo ashyushye cyangwa akonje. Uyu mutungo ningirakamaro mugukomeza ubusugire bwibintu bishyushya mugihe. Coefficient idahuye yo kwagura ubushyuhe hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye irashobora gukurura ibibazo byinshi:

• Kumena cyangwa gutobora ibice
• Guconga cyangwa gutombora hagati y'ibikoresho bidasa
• Impanuka ya thermocouple wire cyangwa sensor ihuza
• Kunanirwa gushyushya cyangwa kugenzura ihindagurika

Mugihe ibintu byo gushyushya bigira inshuro nyinshi gushyushya no gukonjesha, umunaniro wumuriro urashobora gukura. Uyu munaniro ugabanya imiterere kandi ushobora gutera kunanirwa. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho bifite igipimo cyagutse cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ningirakamaro kugirango tumenye kwizerwa.

1. Umunaniro ukabije uratera imberenkibikoresho bifite uburambe bwo gushyushya no gukonjesha, kugabanya imiterere.
2. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe no kugabanuka bitera guhangayika imbere, bishobora gutera gutera cyangwa guturika.
3. Igihe kirenze, ibikoresho bitesha agaciro kandi bigatakaza imbaraga, hamwe bimwe bikavunika.

Mugusobanukirwa iyi mitungo, abaguzi barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye mugihe bahisemo ikintu gishyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza birashobora kuganisha kumikorere myiza, gukoresha ingufu, no kuramba.

Imikorere Ingaruka zo Gushyushya Ibikoresho

Ku bijyanye no gushyushya ibintu bishyushya amazi, guhitamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere. Reka dusuzumeuburyo ibikoresho bitandukanye bigira ingarukagushyushya neza, gukoresha ingufu, hamwe nigihe cyo kubaho kwibi bice byingenzi.

Ubushuhe

Gushyushya neza bivuga uburyo ikintu gishyushya gihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mubushuhe. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byerekana urwego rutandukanye rwubushyuhe bwumuriro, bigira ingaruka kuburyo bwihuse bashobora gushyushya amazi.Hano reba vuba uburyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bikurikirana:

Nkuko mubibona, umuringa ushyushya amazi vuba, bigatuma ukora neza. Ariko, kutarwanya kwangirika kwayo birashobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe gito. Kurundi ruhande, ibyuma bidafite ingese bitanga uburinganire hagati yubushyuhe no kuramba. Mugihe bishobora gufata igihe gito kugirango ushushe amazi, kurwanya kwangirika bivuze ko bishobora kumara igihe kinini. Incoloy igaragara neza cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubisabwa.

Gukoresha Ingufu

Gukoresha ingufu ni ikindi kintu gikomeye tugomba gusuzuma. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya birashobora guhindura ingufu zishyushya amazi akoresha. Ibikoresho byinshi birashobora kugabanya ibiciro byingufu mugihe runaka. Kurugero, umushyushya wamazi ufite ikintu gishyushya umuringa urashobora gushyushya amazi vuba ariko birashobora gutuma hashyirwaho ingufu nyinshi kubera gukenera gusimburwa. Ibinyuranye, ibyuma bidafite ingese na Incoloy birashobora kuba bifite ibiciro byimbere ariko birashobora kuzigama amafaranga mugihe kirekire bitewe nigihe kirekire kandi bikenewe byo kubungabunga.

Inama: Mugihe uhisemo ikintu gishyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi, ntuzirikane ikiguzi cyambere gusa ahubwo urebe nuburyo ushobora kuzigama ingufu mugihe. Ibikoresho bikora neza birashobora gutuma amafaranga yishyurwa agabanuka.

Ubuzima bwibintu bishyushya

Igihe cyo gushyushya ibintu kiratandukanye cyane ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe. Ibintu byumuringa birashobora gukenera gusimburwa mumyaka mike bitewe na ruswa, mugihe ibyuma bitagira umwanda bishobora kumara imyaka irenga 30 hamwe no kubungabunga bike. Incoloy, izwiho kurwanya ruswa cyane, irashobora kandi gutanga ubuzima burebure, cyane cyane mubihe bibi byamazi.

Guhitamo ikintu gishyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi bikubiyemo gupima ibi bintu. Ikintu kirekire kiramba gishobora gutwara byinshi ariko birashobora kuzigama amafaranga no guhura nigihe kirekire.

Kugereranya ibikoresho byo gushyushya ibikoresho

Igiheguhitamo ikintu gishyushyakubikorwa byo gushyushya amazi, kugereranya ibikoresho bifasha abaguzi gufata ibyemezo byuzuye. Reka dusenye ibintu bitatu byingenzi: ikiguzi nigikorwa, ibisabwa byo kubungabunga, ningaruka kubidukikije.

Igiciro va Imikorere

Igiciro kigira uruhare runini muguhitamo ibintu bishyushya.Dore kugereranya byihuse ibikoresho bisanzwe:

Umuringa akenshi nuburyo buhendutse cyane, ariko imikorere yacyo irashobora kubabazwa mumazi akomeye. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bitanga impirimbanyi hagati yikiguzi no kuramba, mugihe titanium, nubwo ifite agaciro, itanga igihe kirekire.

Ibisabwa Kubungabunga

Kubungabunga buri gihe ni ngombwa kubwoko bwose bushyushya amazi. Hano hari imirimo isanzwe yo kubungabunga:

• Kuramo kandi usukure ikigega kugirango ugabanye imyanda.
• Gerageza igitutu cyo kugabanya igitutu kugirango umenye neza ko gikora neza.
• Simbuza inkoni ya anode kugirango wirinde ingese.
• Sukura inteko yo gutwika kugirango ukureho imyanda.

Ibikoresho byo gushyushya bikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye bisaba ubwitonzi bwihariye. Kurugero,ibyuma bidafite ingesebakeneye kubungabungwa kenshi kuberako birwanya ruswa. Ibinyuranye, ibintu byumuringa birashobora gusaba kwitabwaho cyane kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

Ingaruka ku bidukikije

Ingaruka ku bidukikije yo gushyushya ibikoresho biratandukanye. Dore reba vuba:

Guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ingaruka nke kubidukikije birashobora kuganisha kubisubizo birambye byo gushyushya amazi. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kurugero, ntibimara igihe kirekire gusa ahubwo binagabanya gukenera ibikoresho bishya.

Mugupima ibi bintu, abaguzi barashobora guhitamo ikintu cyiza cyo gushyushya amazi bakeneye.

Ibibazo Rusange Bifitanye isano no Gushyushya Ibintu Byatoranijwe

Mugihe uhisemo gushyushya ibikoresho byo gushyushya amazi, ibibazo byinshi bisanzwe bishobora kuvuka. Gusobanukirwa nibi bibazo birashobora gufasha abaguzi guhitamo neza.

Kwubaka Igipimo

Kwiyongera kwinshi nikibazo gikunze gushyushya amazi. Bibaho mugihe imyunyu ngugu, cyane cyane calcium, yegeranije kubintu bishyushya. Uku kwiyubaka gushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe kandi biganisha kumafaranga menshi. Kugabanya ibipimo byubaka, tekereza kuri izi ngamba zo gukumira:

• Kurikirana Ubushyuhe: Gumana ubushyuhe bwamazi hagati120ºF na 140ºFkugabanya calcium yuzuye.
• Shora mu koroshya amazi: Iki gikoresho gikuraho calcium ion mumazi mbere yuko zinjira mubushuhe.
• Koresha ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi: Ibi bikoresho bifasha kwirinda kwiyongera kwa calcium mumashanyarazi.
• Kora Ibisanzwe: Kora ibimanuka bimanuka ukoresheje aside irike kugirango ubuze kandi ukureho calcium.
• Byashizweho Byungurura: Akayunguruzo kagabanya kwirundanya kwinshi mu guhanahana ubushyuhe nta miti cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Ibibazo bya Ruswa

Ruswa irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwo gushyushya ibintu. Ibikoresho bitandukanye bihura nibibazo bidasanzwe byo kwangirika. Hano reba vubaibibazo rusangebifitanye isano nibikoresho bitandukanye byo gushyushya:

Ruswa irashobora kwiyongera bitewe nibintu nkaurwego pH ruto, umuvuduko mwinshi, hamwe no kuba imyuka yashonze. Abaguzi bagomba kumenya ubwiza bw’amazi yaho kugirango bagabanye izo ngaruka.

Ubushuhe bukabije

Ubushyuhe burashobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye kuri sisitemu yo gushyushya amazi.Igenamiterere rya thermostat nabiakenshi biganisha ku bushyuhe bukabije butera ubushyuhe bwamazi gukora hanze yubushyuhe busanzwe. Izindi mpamvu zirimo:

• Imikorere idahwitse: Ibi birashobora gukomeza guha ingufu ubushyuhe, bikavamo amazi ashyushye cyane.
• Amabuye y'agaciro: Igice cyimitsi gishobora guhatira ibintu byo gushyushya gukora cyane, biganisha ku bushyuhe bukabije.
• Guhagarika Umuvuduko wo Gutabara: Ibi birashobora kubuza gusohora amavuta, bigatuma igice gishyuha.

Kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa n'ubushyuhe, tekereza kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya amaziDogere 120 Fahrenheitmu mezi ashyushye. Iri hinduka rishobora gufasha kwirinda ubushyuhe bukabije no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byizakubushuhe mubintu bishyushya amazi nibyingenzi kugirango bikore neza. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi, harimo:

• Guhuza Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bitandukanye nkibyuma bidafite ingesen'umuringa bikora bitandukanye ukurikije ubwiza bw'amazi.
• Kurwanya ruswa: Ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya ingese, mugihe umuringa ushobora kwangirika mubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwamazi.
• Ingaruka z'ubuziranenge bw'amazi: Amazi akomeye arashobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera, bikagira ingaruka kumurambe.

Gusobanukirwa iyi mico birashobora kuganisha kumikorere myiza yingufu hamwe na sisitemu ndende. Ibikoresho bigezweho nkaIncoloy na titaniumtanga kuramba bidasanzwe no kwizerwa. Kurangiza, gupima ibyiza n'ibibi bya buri bwoko bwibikoresho bifasha abakiriya gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye nibyo bakeneye.

Ibibazo

Nibihe bikoresho byiza byo gushyushya amazi?

Ibikoresho byiza biterwa nubwiza bwamazi. Kubwamazi akomeye, ibyuma bitagira umwanda cyangwa titanium nibyiza kuberako birwanya ruswa. Umuringa ukora neza mumazi yoroshye ariko arashobora kwangirika vuba.

Ni kangahe nshobora gusimbuza ibintu byanjye byo gushyushya?

Mubisanzwe, ibintu byo gushyushya bimara hagati yimyaka 5 kugeza 15. Kubungabunga buri gihe birashobora kwongerera igihe cyo kubaho. Niba ubonye kugabanya imikorere cyangwa gusenyuka kenshi, tekereza kubisimbuza vuba.

Nshobora gukoresha ikintu gishyushya umuringa mumazi akomeye?

Gukoresha ikintu gishyushya umuringa mumazi akomeye ntabwo byemewe. Irashobora kwangirika vuba, biganisha ku kwanduza no kugabanya imikorere. Hitamo ibyuma bidafite ingese cyangwa titanium kugirango ikore neza.

Nigute nakwirinda kwiyongera kwinshi mumashanyarazi yanjye?

Kugirango wirinde kwiyongera, komeza ubushyuhe bwamazi hagati ya 120ºF na 140ºF. Tekereza gushiraho icyoroshya amazi kandi ukore buri gihe, harimo no koza ikigega kugirango ukureho imyanda.

Nibihe bimenyetso byerekana ubushyuhe buke?

Ibimenyetso byubushyuhe butananirwa harimo ubushyuhe bwamazi budahuye, urusaku rudasanzwe, cyangwa ruswa igaragara. Niba ubonye ibyo bibazo, igihe kirageze cyo kugenzura cyangwa gusimbuza ibintu byo gushyushya.

Jin Wei

Umushakashatsi mukuru

Hamwe nuburambe bwimyaka 10 muri R&D yibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi, twagize uruhare runini mubijyanye no gushyushya ibintu kandi dufite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwo gukusanya no guhanga udushya.

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